Dharan
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Dharan (धारन) Dhariwal (धारीवाल) Dhariwal (धाड़ीवाल) Dhari (धारी) Dhar (धर) Dharana (धरना) Dhankar (धनकार) Dharana (धारना) Dhaliwal (धालीवाल) Dharu (धारू) is gotra of Jats found in Distt Gurgaon, Jhajjar, and Mahendergarh in Haryana; Sikar and Jaipur districts of Rajasthan. Also found in Gujarat, Maharashtra.
Contents |
History
They find mention in Mahabharata Aswamedha Parva in shloka 26 as under:
- तरिपुरघ्नं तरिनयनं तरिलॊकेशं महौजसम
- परभवं सर्वभूतानां धारणं धरणीधरम ।। 26 ।।
Mahabharata Shalya Parva in Sanskrit mentions about them as under in shloka 60:
Dhariwal or Dharan gotra is found in Jats and Brahmans also in India. One branch of the Mudgals was called Dharan. At present there are Dharan Jats as well as Brahmins. Later on, These people were known as Dhariwals. The daughter of Chandra Gupta II who was married to King Rudra Sen has given her gotra as Dharan.
Guptas were Jats of Dharan gotra
The Guptas of Gupta Empire have been proved by historians to be Dharan Jats. The Arya Manjushri Mul kalpa, is a history of India covering the period 700 BCE to 770 AD. The history was a Buddhist Mahayana work, by a Tibetan scholar, and was composed sometime in the 8th century CE.
K P Jayaswal brought this material out from above book in his eminently scholarly book :An Imperial history of India C 700 BC – C 770 AD. K P Jayaswal has spotted and brought out the fact that the second Guptas, (Chandra Gupta II, Samudra Gupta etc circa 200 BCE to 600 BCE) were Jats, who came originally form the Mathura area. They were of the “ Dharan” Gotra, as shown by the inscription of the Prabhadevi Plate, where she gives her father’s (and her) goth as Dharan. The Dharan Jats still can be found in the U.P Mathura region and they proudly point to their ancient glory, of how their forefathers ruled Hindustan.
According to him Gupta is said to have been a Mathura-Jata (Sanskrit- Jata-vamsa). Jata-vamsa, that is, Jata Dynasty stands for Jarta, that is, Jat. That the Guptas were Jat; we already have good reasons to hold (JBORS, XIX. p. 1U). His Vaisali mother is the Lichchhavi lady.
Here is produced point wise account from a famous historian K.P. Jayaswal's book, History of India, PP 115-16 :
- That nowhere Guptas disclose their origin or Caste status. That their caste sub-division was Dharan. Since Prabhavati Gupta daughter of Chandra Gupta II and queen of Rudrasen II Vakataka in her copper plate grant of Pune has shown sub-caste of her family (Gupta) as Dharan (EI XV-41 P-42).
- The Salvas were a branch of the Madras and were ruling at Sialkot. These Madras had a branch named Kuninda, who were related to Koliya Naga.
- Karaskars were thus a Punjabi people a sub-division of the Madras. We know that the Madras were Vahikas and Jartas. This community, thus, consisted of several sub-divisions.
- Since according to grammatical illustration of Chandra-gomin the Jarta defeated the Huns, which means Skanda Gupta defeated the Huns. Hence Guptas were Jartas or Jat.
Bhim Singh Dahiya has proved by applying “Grimm’s Law of Variation” that in Indo-European languages the alphabet “J” changes to “G”. Due to this law the Chinese call Jats as “Getae” and Germans call them “Got”, “Gaut” or “Goth”. The Proto-Germanic name Gaut changes to Gupt as under:
Gapt is considered to be a corruption of Gaut (Gaut→Gavt→Gaft→Gapt, cf. eftir and eptir, "after" in Old Norse). Gapt changed to Gupt in India.
When Chandragupta II, Vikramaditya married his daughter with a Vakataka prince he called tribe as "Dharan" which is a gotra of Jats even today. Skandagupta has written in an inscription of Junagarh that Gupta is a title, which means soldier or a chief.
The first notice of this word 'Gupta' was taken by Panini in fifth century BC when two words are mentioned, viz., 'Goptri' and 'Gupti'. V S Agarwal in "India as known to Panini" defines 'Gupti' as 'defence' and 'Goptri' as the art of science of Military arrangements. On this basis the person who was incharge of defence was called 'Gupta' or 'Gopta'. Skandagupta wrote in his inscription that he had "appointed military governors in all provinces" (सर्वेषु देशेषु विधाय गोप्त्रीन) [1]
Thus we find that this word 'Gupta' means a military governor and used in this sense right from the fifth century BC to the 18th century AD and the so called 'Guptas' themselves used this word in the same sense. The mere fact that the word Gupta is a part and parcel of the names of the emperors, should not, and can not, give any other meaning to this word. If we give 'Gupta' the meaning of surname of the Vaishya caste, then even Chanakya will become a Vaishya because his name was Vishnugupta. Even the Mahabharata used this word 'Gupta' in the sense of military defence. [2]
While illustrating the use of a tense, grammarian Chandragomin mentions in sanskrit language अजय जर्टो हुणान - Ajay Jarto Hunan meaning "the invincible Jats defeated the Hunas". He was a contemporary of the event and we know from history that 'Guptas' were the only people who defeated Hunas. This has been rightly taken as proof that so called 'Guptas' were Jats. [3]
Majumdar and Atlekar mention the fact that at the time of marriage of Prabhavati Gupta, daughter of Chandragupta II, the name of their gotra was given as Dharan. The Poona plate of Prabhavati Gupta herself gives the gotra as Dharan. This has been identified with the still existing Dharan clan of Jats of Bikaner and the adjoining districts of the Punjab. [4], [5]
Hence Bhim Singh Dahiya concludes that Guptas were Jats.
NECERT Text books and Jats
So far we have been complaining about how History in being taught in India. And how the Jats have been totally ignored. This is now changing, and it is gratifying to note that the Jats are no longer in isolation, and mainstream Indian Historians are giving the Jats their due.
The second Gupta age is described as the Golden Age of India. Long have the Jats been complaining that the these were Jats of the Dharan clan, however Indian Historians chose to ignore our History and teach that the 2nd Gupts were Vaisyas, (traders) anything but Jats.
To one’s pleasant surprise, the National Council for Educational Research and Training ( NCERT) textbook in Hindi, for Class 11, Bharat ka Ithihaas - Prachin evam Madhyakalin (भारत का इतिहास-प्राचीन एवं मध्यकालीन) , by Dr. Kuldeep Raj Deepak, published by Saravasti House Pvt Ltd, Educational Publishers, 3649 Chawri Bazaar Delhi 110 006., 2002 edition, tells us a more balanced story.
The single important point is that Indian Academia has now accepted the probability that the Gupt(a)s were Jats, and this is being taught in the school History text books, as part of the official curriculum. The book is the prescribed textbook for the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi, the premier all India Board of Education and also in the Provincial Boards including the Haryana School Education Board, Bhivani and Himachal Pradesh School Education Boards. The book is in Hindi, and relevant page-151 to the files section of the Jat history list. [6]
It tells us:
- Chapter 12, The rise and spread of the Gupta Empire
- "After the Maurya Empire, in the north West The Kushanas and in the South The Satvahanas brought political stability. However in the third century these two empires ended. Thereafter for a century there were many small kingdoms. There is not much knowledge of the history of this period. This period is known as the dark period of Indian History. In the fourth Century CE the powerful Gupta dynasty established an empire from Magadha (modern Patna in Bihar) and brought the history of India back into light from darkness.
- Who were the Gupts?
- Different scholars have different opinions on this subject.
- According to Kashi Prakash Jaiswal, they were Jats, and had been residents of the Punjab. [7]
- Dr Altekar called them Vaisyas on the basis of the Vishnu Purana.
- Dr Ramshankar Tripathi and other scholars also called them Vaishyas on the basis of the word ‘ Gupt’.
- However there is no historical basis for this premise.
- In History there have been many famous person, to whose name the word Gupt has been joined and they are not Vaishyas.
- The prime mister of Chandragupt Maurya, was Vishnugupt, and the famous astrologer and mathematician of the Gupt age- Bhramgupt were Brahmins.
- Dr Hemchandra Rai Chaudhary called the Gupts to be of the Brahmin caste, but Pundit Har Prasad Shastri calls them Kshatriyas. However until now there has been no certainty about them.”
The book : “ Bharat ka Ithihaas- Prachin evam Madhyakalin,” by Dr. Kuldeep Raj Deepak, can be
obtained from any education book shop or from the Publisher - Saravasti House Pvt Ltd, Educational Publishers, 3649 Chawri Bazaar Delhi 110 006, 2002 edition, Telephone: ( 011) 3260253, 3281022,3285568., Fax (011)3285569
Distribution in Punjab
Dhariwal population is 2,640 in Amritsar district.[8]
According to B S Dhillon the population of Dhariwal clan in Jalandhar district is 6,900.[9]
In Hoshiarpur district the Dhariwal population is 1,470. [10]
In Gurdaspur district the Dhariwal population is 4,614. [11]
In Firozpur district the Dhariwal population is 60,000. [12]
Distribution in Rajasthan
Villages in Sikar district
Locations in Jaipur city
Brahmpuri,
Distribution in Uttar Pradesh
Villages in Muzaffarnagar district
Mohammadpur, Muzaffarnagar,
Villages in Moradabad district
Villages in Jyotibaphule Nagar District
Jagua Khurd , Allipur,Bhaira Bharatpur, Jyotibaphule Nagar,
Villages in Ghaziabad District
Akkhapur, Ghaziabad
Villages in Meerut district
Notable persons from this clan
- Sardar Jai Singh Dhariwal was included in twelve misls of the Sikhs.
References
- Ram Swaroop Joon: History of the Jats, India,1967
- ↑ J.P. Fleet, CII, Vol. III, No. 14
- ↑ Bhim Singh Dahiya:Jats the Ancient Rulers, p.176-177
- ↑ Bhim Singh Dahiya:Jats the Ancient Rulers, p.180
- ↑ Dharath Sharma, JBORS, vol. XXII, p. 227
- ↑ Bhim Singh Dahiya:Jats the Ancient Rulers, p.181
- ↑ [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/JatHistory/files/%202nd%20Gupta%20%20Dharan%20jats/ Files > 2nd Gupta Dharan Jats, ncertguptjats.jpg page 151 Cert. textbook]
- ↑ Dr Jaiswal saw in Chandsen, the hero of the play Kohmudi Mahotsava, the representation of Chanrdragupt I. He was called a ‘Karaskar’. According to Jaiswal, the Karaskar people lived in the Punjab.
- ↑ History and study of the Jats. By Professor B.S Dhillon. ISBN-10: 1895603021 or ISBN-13: 978-1895603026. p.124
- ↑ History and study of the Jats. By Professor B.S Dhillon. ISBN-10: 1895603021 or ISBN-13: 978-1895603026. 127
- ↑ History and study of the Jats. By Professor B.S Dhillon.ISBN-10: 1895603021 or ISBN-13: 978-1895603026. 127
- ↑ History and study of the Jats. By Professor B.S Dhillon.ISBN-10: 1895603021 or ISBN-13: 978-1895603026. 127
- ↑ History and study of the Jats. By Professor B.S Dhillon.ISBN-10: 1895603021 or ISBN-13: 978-1895603026. 127
- ↑ Added by Parul86 06:17, 6 September 2007 (EDT)Raman Kumar DhariwalParul86 06:17, 6 September 2007 (EDT)
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