History of Origin of Some Clans in India/Jat From Jutland/Mesopotania - Babylonia - Akkad and Sumer
History of Origin of Some Clans in India
(with special Reference to Jats)
By Mangal Sen Jindal (1992)
Publisher - Sarup & Sons, 4378/4B, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi-110002, ISBN 81-85431-08-6
| The text of this chapter has been converted into Wiki format by Laxman Burdak |
Chapter 1: Jat From Jutland
Mesopotania - Babylonia - Akkad and Sumer
"It was watered by Tigris and Euphrates rivers, known in ancient days as Mesopotamia (Greek for 'between the rivers'), the lower reaches of this plain beginning near the point where the two rivers nearly converge, was called Babylonia. Babylonia in turn encamped two geographical area- Akkad in the north and Sumer, the delta of this river Selfstem, in the south." Civilization past and present, page 15.-American Library, New Delhi.
"The great event in this period both for Assyria and for Babylonia was the immigration of the Aramaean horders which issuing from Arabia, had already overrun the country as early as 1300 B.C. They now swept across Mesopotamia down the Tigris." Page 84, Vol. I-History of Persia.
"Now we know that the Aryans came from the north and as Nomads range widely, it is the view of some that their home may be sought in the vast region of the steppes to the far north of Khorasan-then, in all probability, more fertile-and in the adjacent and similar, but better watered, plains of southern Russia." Page 96, Vol. I of History of Persia " They (Aryans of Persia) possessed a tradition that they quitted their ancient home because the power of Evil made it ice bound un- habitable. Perhaps this may mean that they were irresistibly urged forward by a change of climate, just as aridity possibly caused the hordes of Mongolia to Swarm Westwards and
History of Origin of Some Clans in India:End of p.12
incidentally to blast the civilization of the countries they overran," page 97, Vol. I of History of Persia ..... "It is believed that the Medes migrated into Persia from Southern Russia." Page 98 Vol. 1 of History of Persia ..... "A third migration took a south-easternly direction from Asia or Bactria,the invaders crossing the Hindu Kush and conquering the Punjab." Page 98, Vol. I of History of Persia.
Amongst the Aryans of India and Iran "similar terms were employed for a God, indicating as Edwards points out, that the character of objects of worship was similar. One name was Asura (Sanscrit, (Asura, Avesta, Ahura) signifying to Lord; another was Daiva, (Sanscrit Deva, Avesta, Daeva),from the Indian European word devoting 'heavenly ones." Page 103, Vol. 1 History of Persia. "This great movement, which reacted on the whole Greece, is believed to have occurred about 1000 B.C. Its result was to set in motion a wave of immigration, which broke not only on the Islands, but, also on the Asiatic Coasts of the Aegean Sea." Page 148, Vol. I of History of Persia.
"In 512 B.C. the conquering Persians, like their predecessors the Aryans of India, looked down from the eastern edge of the Iranian plateau on to the vast plain of the Punjab and annexed large districts of it and of Sind. Scylax, the Greek admiral, descended the Indus and undismayed by the tides, launched out on Indian Ocean and explored the coasts of Arabia and Makran." PageI68, Vol. I of History of Persia.
"By the conquest of the Greek cities and islands of Asia Minor, and the later annexation of Thrace and Macedonia, the Persians had acquired control over at least one-third of the entire race of the Greeks." Page 186, Vol. I of History of Persia. "I "Recrossing the Hindu Kush to the Alexandra of the Indian Caucasus, the Mecedonia army (Alexenders army), now 1,20,000 strong, marched thence to Nicaia (Kabul) where king Taxilas made bis submission. The main body was then despatched under Hephoestion north of the Khyber pass." (327 B.C.) page 270, Vol. of History of Persia .
History of Origin of Some Clans in India:End of p.13
"Porus meanwhile leaving a few elephants and a small force to contain the Macedonian (Greek troops who had been left in camp, formed a line of battle with his main body in the immediate neighbourhood of Chillianwala, where in 1849 A.D. British troops met valiant Sikhs, many of whom were probably the descendants of the soldiers of Porus." Page 271, Vol. 1 of History of Persia.
"Antiochus (a Parthia king -Parthia was near about Khorasan) (204 B.C.) following still in Alexandra's footsteps, crossed the Hindu Kush and moving down the Kobul valley past Alexandria and Caucasum, marched through the Khybar pass into the Punjab. The successors of Ashoka wisely bought off the invader with rich gifts of elephants and money." Page 313, Vol. I History of Persia.
"Jats do not seem to be out of Sakas who in 163 B.C. by Yue-chi (Chinese) were dispossessed from their habitat in the Tarim basin. In 120 B.C. the Yue-chi drove the Sakae out of Bactaria which they occupied and which remained their centre for many generations. They also are not out of Kushans, one of whose tribe was Kwei-Shang. They are not the same as Yetha or white Huns because they are called new comers." page 433, Vol. 1 of History of Persia. "It is believed by best authorities that the Mongols were descended from the Huns and that the descendents of the Yue-Chi were known as the Uighurs:" Page 71, Vol. II of History of Persia.
"The advance to the Indus A.H. 89-96 (707 to 714)-During the reign of Walid the Moslem Hosts, under Mohamed Ibn- Kasim, the first Moslem to make his mark in India, marched into Sind from Makran and captured Multan, where the value of the spoil was estimated at 120,010,000 pieces the Moslem remained in Sind permanently." Page 551, Vol. I of History of Persia.
"The Revolt of the Jatt of Gypsies: Under the orders of Walid I, at the beginning of the eighth century of our era, a large number of Jatt, termed Zott by the Arabs had been transported with their buffaloes from the lower Indus to the marshes of the Tigris. As soon as they were firmly established there
History of Origin of Some Clans in India:End of p.14
they began to rob and to kill. By closing the Basra-Baghbad road they raised the cost of food in the capital and compelled successive Caliphs to send armies to subdue them. Their insolence is expressed in the following poem, preserved in the pages of Taban :
O! Inhabitants of Baghbad die! May your dismay last long! It is we who have defeated you, after having forced you to fight us in the open country.
It is we who have driven you in front of us like a flock of weaklings.
Marrun's generals were unsuccessful in dealing with the elusive scourge, and Motasim's First care was to send Ojayf, a trusted Arab general, to subdue this alien people. Ultimately, in A.H. 220 (834), Ojayf succeeded in his task by cutting their communications. The Zott surrendered, and after being exhibited in boats to the delighted citizens of Baghdad, wearing their national grab and playing their musical instruments, were exiled to Khanikin on the Turkish frontier-now a stage on the Tehran road-and to the frontiers of Syria, whither they proceeded, taking wint them their buffaloes. These useful animals they can claim to have introduced into the Near East and into Europe." History of Persia, Vol. 11.
"In Europe the Mongols carried fire and the sword across Russia to Poland and Hungary from A.D. 1236 to 1241 A.D. and so widespread was the alarm that, according to Matthew Paris, in A.D. 1238," the people of Gothland and Friesland did not dare to come to Yarmouth for the herring fishery." History of Persia, Vol. H. page 87.
"When Ghazan Khan came to the throne (1205 A.D.) he found the revenue (in Persia) so corruptly administered that practically nothing reached the Central Government, with the result that he was unable to give pay, much less presents, to his army. At the same time the peasantry were so ground down by illegal and semi-illegal exactions that they were deserting their villages, and whenever, an official appeared they took refuge in underground hiding places." Page 113, Vol. II of History of Persia. It seems in this period that flocks of Jat
History of Origin of Some Clans in India:End of p.15
peasantry evacuated the Persian kingdom into India. Tabriz at the time was the capital of Ghazan Khan, the buildings of which surpassed in splendour the famous tomb of Sultan Sanjar at Merv.
"The Governor of Mongolia, or Jatah, at this period was Tughluk Timur Khan who, on seeing the state of anarchy into which Transoxiana had fallen, determined to annex it. He started on an expedition for this purpose in A.H. 761 (1360 A.D.) and marched on Kesh; Haji Barlas, deeming the odds too great, attempted no defence and fled to Khorasan, (Persia) where he was afterwards killed by brigands." Page 119. Vol. II of History of Persia.
"To save the situation, Tamerlane decided to tender his submission to Tughluk Timur Khan, by whom he was received with much distinction and appointed Governor of Transoxiana. In the following year the Khan of Jatah (it seems to mean the land of the Jats) obtained possession of Samarcand and appointed his son Khoja Illias Oghlan to the governorship of Transoxiana with the young Tameriane as his councillor." PageT20, Vo!. II of History of Persia.
"(1369-1380) The successful issue of the contest with Amir Husayn gave Tamerlane complete control of Transoxiana, and for a full decade he was busily engaged in conquering the neighbouring states of Jatah to the east and of Khawarazm to the west." Page 123, Vol. II of History of Persia.
"Afghanistan, owing to its physical characteristics, have been the heaven of refuge of aboriginal clans driven off the fertile plains. Moreover being situated at the north-west gates of India, it has heard the tramp of armies from the invasion by Alexander the great down through the centuries, until the doubling of the cape of Good Hope opened a way for Western nations to invade India by its sea gates." Page 216, Vol.II - History of Persia.
Sir Herburt Risley divided the people of India into seven broad groups, "labelled as
- (i) Mongoloid,
- (ii) Indo-Aryan,
- (iii) Dravidian,
- (iv) Mongolo-Dravidian,
- (v) Aryo-Dravidian,
History of Origin of Some Clans in India:End of p.16
- (vi) Scytho-Dravidian,
- (vii ) Turko-Iranian." Page 141 of Indian People, Vol. 1.
"The third Mediterranean strain, the so called 'Oriental' one, commonly rniscalled the Semitic or Jewish, with a pronouncedly longish nose and fair in skin, is found in the Punjab, in Sind, in Rajasthan and in Western U.P., and it occurs also not unusually enough in other parts of India." The Jats of India probably belong to this race.Page 144 of Indian People, Vol.I.
The Jat Itihas refers to "The History of Aryan rule in India, page 32" that "Ethnographic investigation show that The Indo-Aryan type described in the Hindu Epic-a tall, fair Complexioned, long headed race, with narrow prominent noses, broad shoulders, long arms, thin waists like lion and thin legs like a deer is now most confined to Kashmere, the Punjab and Rajasthan represented by the Jats, Khatris and Rajputs" The Jat Itihas page 120 further refers to Mr.Nesfield who said "if appearance goes for anything the Jat could not but be Aryans."
The Jat Itihas further refers to distribution of races of the North Western Provinces of India where it has been said that "the arguments derived from language is strongly in favour of the pure Aryan origin of the Jats. If they were Scythian conquerors where there Scythian language gone to and how came it that they now speak and have for centuries spoken an Aryan language, a dialect of Hindi."- Jat Itihas, page 122.
"'Jat' approaches closely to that ascribed to the traditional Aryan colonies of India. The stature- is mostly tall, complexion fair, eyes dark, hair on face plentiful, head long, nose narrow and prominent but not very long (page 2 Risleys' " People of Indla)" Page 8-History of Jats by Qanungo." -