History of Origin of Some Clans in India/Jat From Jutland/The Migration of Jats
History of Origin of Some Clans in India
(with special Reference to Jats)
By Mangal Sen Jindal (1992)
Publisher - Sarup & Sons, 4378/4B, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi-110002, ISBN 81-85431-08-6
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Chapter 1: Jat From Jutland
The Migration of Jats
Jats : Their Migration and Immigration in the World, with Special Reference to Jutland
Migration in History
"Mankind has been a wanderer as much, or perhaps
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more so, than a home stayer. It has well been said that
'Man's' history is a story of movement, of the conquest of
land from nature and from fellowman, of adaptation to new
environment, of the blending of blood and the intermixer of
cultures"-Page 623 of Civilization Past and Present by Waiter
Wall Bank and others, available in American Library, Delhi.
There has been great upheaval in the past million years as regards the movement of tribes from one place to another, especially in the nomad period. The nomades used to travel far and wide in search of pasture-land and other amenities e.g., rivers for water and suitable climate for themselves and their cattle. It is therefore natural that in old times the Jat tribe migrated into India in prehistoric period either from Central Asia or from the North Lands like Scandinavian countries.
Migration and immigration did not take place once or twice but many a times. It occurred for search of lands to be conquered by big armies of great kings who always were desirous to rule the people of other lands. The Jats also did not migrate or immigrate into or from India, Persia, USSR, Scandinavia, Germany, Roman Empire, Spain etc. only once but this phenomena occurred in waves, one after the other, may be centuries after the former. Various authorities have described different places and era of migration of Jats or Juts from one land to another. The same are quoted hereinafter. They seem to have migrated from Central Asia to Germany and then to Scandinavian countries where from they again migrated through Roman Empire and USSR to Persia and Caucasia. Likewise they moved towards West to settle in Spain and also towards East to settle in North- West India. Whenever population increased, people migrated in search of new lands. Only 300 years back mass population migrated from European countries to the Americas. At present their great grandchildren do not know their home town and even do not remember the name of the country to which their fore-fathers once professed loyalty.
Shri Desraj quotes various European authorities who
hold that Jats are the successors of Goth, Gaiti, Jutti, Scughi etc. who migrated to India. Some Jats migrated from the
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banks of Oxus river, some from Bactria (both in Persia) and some from Scandinavia. He quotes Major Bingley whose view was that Jats in 1st and 2nd Centuries B.C. migrated from the area of Oxus river through Southern Afganistan into India....Jat Itihas, page 59.
Shri Desraj quotes religion of Scandinavia namely Edda (एड्डा) saying that ancient inhabitants of Scandinavia were Jttas (जटेस) and Jits (जिट्स) who were called Aryans and they were originally residents of Asigarh which is situated in district Neemar in Malwa ..... Jat Itihas; page 61.
Shri Desraj further quotes one Scandinavian Mr. Count Jonsturn who says that Scandinavians come from India, Scandinavia is an ill pronunciation of Skandhnabh (स्कंधनाभ)....Jat Itihas, page 61.
"Seleukos Nikator, the great general of Alexander, who had become the emperor of a large part of Western Asia after the conqueror's death, was also dead. While Antiochus his grandson, a worthless man was occupying the throne, the empire was split into pieces by the revolt of the Bactrians and the Parthians, both of which people virtually become independent by 250 B.C.
The Bactrians had adopted Greek civilization, and were probably fused with the Greeks. They were consequently called Greeks (Yavanas). The hero of the Bactrian Revolution Diodatus, conquered some parts of India namely Kabul, Punjab and Sindh. Though victorious in India, he lost his control over Bactria which was wrested from him by his General Eukratides. Soon after this event, Eukratides was murdered and Bactria fell to pieces and into a number of small principalities, Menander was the chief of one of them and his invasion is probably referred to by Patanjali. This king was Budhist and he is identified with king Milinda, so well known in Budhist literature. These Greek princes were fighting amongst themselves in Bactria as well as in the North- western part of India for the mastery of the soil." History of Caste, pages 35 and 36.
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Thus it is evident that Bactrians migrated and settled in north-west India (now Pakistan) where Jat population is in abundance.
"The Shakas or the Scythians, who were a horde of nomads, broke loose on Bactria in the period between 140 and 130 B.C. and extinguished the Greek monarchies north of Hindu Kush. Some of these tribes entered India and made settlements at Taxila and Mathura and ruled there for more than a century seemingly in subordination to the Parthian
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power. Another section of Shaka horde or the Parthians themselves occupied the Peninsula of Surashtra or Kathiawar and established a dynasty of sat raps there, which lasted for centuries. Another of Scythians, cognate with Shakas and called Kushans, entered India by the beginning of the Christian era and conquered Punjab and Kabul. King Kanishka of this tribe in well known. It appears that the Kushan dynasty held its own for a long time, as we hear of them as late as 360 A.D." History of Caste, pages 36 and 37.
"It is believed that the Medas migrated into Persia from Southern Russia." History of Persia Vol. I page 98. As per Chamber's Twentieth Century Dictionary meaning of Meda is "one of an Indo-Gerrnanic people and nation fused with the Persians about 500 B.C."
"A third migration took a south easterly direction from Asia or Bactria, the invaders crossing the Hindu Kush and conquering the Punjab." History of Persia Vol. I, page 98.
"In 512 B C. the conquering Persians, like their predecessors, the Aryans of India, looked down from the easterly edge of the Iranian Plateau on the vast plains of the Punjab and annexed large districts of it and of Sind. Scylax, the Greek Admiral, descended the Indus and undismayed by the tides, launched out on the Indian Ocean and explored the coasts of Arabia and Makran." History of Persia Vol. I, page 168.
"Darius (Dara) the great (near about 550 B.C.) conquered parts of the Punjab and the Sind in the east and Thrace in the west. His successor Xerxes invaded and defeated Greece." . Iran Almanac, page 45.
"The plateau (Iran) was the scene of many invasions, but one of the strongest tribe to invade were the Aryans. A branch of these Aryans, the Medes (Indo-Gerrnanic people) settled on the western portion of the plateau making their capital at ancient Ectasana, which was also to become a capital of the Persian Empire." Iran Almanac, page 45.
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Iranian Gypsies:
"Most of the Iranian Gypsies are found around Shiraz, Hamadan, Arak, Nahavand, Borujerd and Tehran. They are estimated to number around 30,000.".... Iran Almanac, page 580.
"Salpore is the name of the capital of this Jit prince and his epithet of Sal-indra is merely titular, as the Indra, or lord of Sal Poori, the city of Sal, which the fortunate discovery of an inscription raised by Komarpal, king of Anhulwarra (Nehrwalla of D. Annille) dated S (Samvat) 1207, has enabled me to place at the base of Sewaluk mountains'.' In order to elucidate this point, and to give the full value to this record of the Jit princes of the Punjab, I append (No. V) a translation of the Nehrwalla' conqueror's inscription, which will prove beyond doubt that these Jit princes of Salpoori in the Punjab, were the leaders of that very colony of the Yuti from the Jaxartes, who in the fifth century, as recorded by De Guignes, crossed the Indus and possessed themselves of the Punjab, and strange to say, have again risen to power, for the Sikhs (disciples) of Nanak are almost all of Jit origin" Annals of Rajasthan, Vol. I, page 62 .
"It is likely that the Jats, always enterprising and eager for military service, migrated beyond the Indus as mercenaries of the Persian and Maurya Emperors." History of Jats by Qanungo, page 24.
"They (Jats) are the most numerous of all the land owning tribes in Meerut and look upon Haryana and Rajasthan as the countries whence their forefathers originally came. They gained their first footing, says Mr. W.A. Forbes, the late collector of Meerut, in the Chhaprauli and Barot parganas of the Meerut Distt. pushing out before them, the Taga occupants of the soil; and thence they spread themselves, though in less compact colonies, over the whole district'- (Report of the Census of the North Western Provinces-India for 1865, Mr. W.A. Forbe's memorandum, pages 12)". Hindu Tribes and Castes Vol I, page 234.
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There is a town Broach in Gujarat at the end of Narbada river. Jats of Brot (Baraut) seems to have migrated from Baroch (Broach) as Jats of Elam had migrated from famous Elam kingdom in Persia.
"The Jats of Bulandshahr came from Haryana, and first of all were cultivators of the soil, but afterwards, on Raja Suraj Mal acquiring possession of the Doab, embraced the opportunity of seizing the villages which they now occupy. They have added the estate of Kocheswar. At the last census they had as many as 195 villages in that district alone". Hindu Tribes and Castes Vol. I, page 234.
"The Jats were among the earliest known inhabitants of tee district of Shahajhanpur. Nearly one half of the Hindu population of the Mathura district consists of members of this tribe.' Hindu Tribes and Castes Vol. 1, page 234.
"He (Brandenstein) draws the reasonable conclusion that the Indo-Iranians were the earliest to separate from the main body of Indo-Europeans, and that the other tribes continued to live together for some time after their departure."....Indian People, Vol. I, page 210.
"Migrating races look back to the land of their origin for centuries. The Parsis in India remember their origin after 800 years. The ancient Egyptians and the Phoenicians remembered the respective lands of origin even though they had forgotten the location:' ..... Indian People Vol. I, page 216. The Jats of Eurasia also seem to have remembered Jutland as their home but have forgotten its "hereabouts.
"It is also quite clear that the Aryan principalities appearing about 1,400 B.C. in Mesopotamia and Syria were the successful creation of a group of Cqndottieri and their troop who had detached themselves from the main body, while the wandering tribes passed through eastern Iran towards India. Indian People, Vol. I, page 218.
"That from the Indo-Iranian common house the pre-Indians and the pre-Iranians expended in two almost opposite directions." Indian People Vol. 1, page 219. The Jats
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being of militant nature, seem to have turned to the west of the
common house and conquering Mesopotamia, Syria, Germany
reached Baltic Sea to establish permanently in Denmark (Jutland) and near about in Sweden and Gothland Island, which then formed part of Danish Empire. Jut is a name that later grew into Jat, Got, Goth, Zott, Jit etc.
"But it has been fully established that the civilization of the Gathas is a later reformed civilization of Iran, of which a much older phase is reflected in the Yasts, particularly the so called heathenish Yasts i.e., the Yasts which have suffered least from Zarathustrian revision, and the culture reflected in these pre-Zarathustrian heathenish Yasts is essentially that of Vedic India." Indian People Vol. I, page 223.
The name of His Imperial Majesty, Late King of Iran is Shahanshah Aryamehr shows that the king himself is an Aryan.
The tribes here alluded to are the Hya or Aswa, the Takshac, and the Jit or Gete; the similitude of whose theogony, names in their early genealogies, and many other points, with the Chinese, Tatar, Mogul, Hindu and Scythic races, would appear to warrant the assertion of one common origin.
Though the periods of passage of these tribes into India cannot be stated with exactitude, the regions whence they migrated may more easily be ascertained." Annals of Rajasthan Vol. I, page 48.
"When the Yuti migrated from the plains of Scythia, of which the horse is a native, to Yut land (Jutland), of whose mountains the goat was an inhabitant prior to any of the race of Asi." Annals of Rajasthan Vol.1, page 450.
"The region originally occupied by the German peoples in the second millennium B.C. included the coastlands between the lower Rhine and the Oder, the Schlesurg (jutland) Peninsula and inlands, together with Southern Sweden. The homelands of the Germans who formed one branch of the peoples of Indo-European Language had a broad geographical similarity. They had alike undergone glaciation; they consisted
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largely of level plains, covered with wide stretches of sandy soils; they included considerable areas of marsh, peat bog, lakes, and moor and were extensively covered with deciduous forest and undergrowth Scania and the coast west of the oder estuary were alike well embayed and offered river access inland; proximity for the Baltic narrows in the extreme west- the disposition of islands, the many convenient havens and, occasionally, freezing over of the sea, all served to unite Scania, the Schlesurg (jutland) peninsula and the north German plain in close relationship. Jutland, or the Schlesurg peninsula, together with Frisia stretching westwards to the Rhine, presented also broken coastlines to the North Sea. By about 200 B.C. the Germans had moved south as far as the Main into country then occupied by Celts, whilst at the same time they had reached the broad plains between the Oder and the Vistula. It is possible that some stimulus was given to this movement owing to a wet climatic period which conditioned an extension of forest and peat bog." (See Huntington, The Evolution of Climate in North-Western Europe G. R. January 1922)
"Some time before establishment and organization of the frontier of the Roman Empire, in fact as early as 114 B.C. Germanic tribes had reached and crossed the Alps and the Rhine carrying their devastations into the territories of Rome." .... An Historical Geography of Europe, page 50.
"Hence in the first centuries A.D., when they came increasingly into contact with the superior civilization of Rome, the Germans in the West by no means 'Barbarians' who wandered through their endless forests engaged in hunting wild animals or in purely pastoral pursuits." (See.J.B. Bunj, The Invasion of Europe by the Barbarians, pages 5 to 11) ...... An Historical Geography of Europe, pages 55 to 57.
"Even so although it is true enough that by the time the Rome frontier system was collapsing agricultural and fixed settlement had become more typical among the West Germans that among their kinsmen beyond the Oder, it is equally clear
that the West German had not lost their habit of long distance
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migration. There is good evidence also to show that they had a keen eye to the qualities of arable soils and that these afforded sufficient ground for the movement of large groups made up of federated tribes, together with their flocks and herds." An Historical Geography of Europe, page 57.
"Finally, it may be noted that the underlying cause of the barbarian invasions or, to use a fitter term, the folk, migrations, is believed to have been over-population, although it is obvious that the political weakness of the Empire afforded a stimulus to movements and also that the westward advance of Asiatic immigrants exerted on impulsive force. This explanation savours somewhat of the paradoxical when it is considered in the light of recent estimates of the population numbers of the German peoples. A large nation or people, like the west Goths or Vandals numbered some 80,000 to 1,20,000 ; a small, nation, like the Burgundians, some 25,000 to 50,000." (These are the figures given by Bury, op. cit., pp. 42-43) An Historical Geography of Europe, page 58.
"Further, the seasonal migrations of the East German tribes in their search for good pasture must have served to make this route partially at least familiar, for it was well frequented by them. In the period of the invasions, the Goths, for instance, passed along it down to the Black Sea west lands, and established themselves in the south Russian plain first to the east, and later also to the west. of the river Don." An Historical Geography of Europe, Page 60.
"Dacia, which lay to the north of the lower Danube, formed and exposed outpost of the Empire (Roman) in the east. The incursions of the Goths, the first to threaten this frontier region, may be taken as illustrative of the geography of the invasions on this sector of the frontier. The Goths came from the north German plain by the vistula-Dniester route and settled to the cast of the lower Don; driven across that river in the early third century, they pressed forward to the borderlands of the Empire. They entered Bassarabia and Moldavia, the Wallachian plain, and by the Oitu-z pass advanced into the Transylvanian basin. Their ravages in Dacia began about A.D. 255; the province was wholly abandoned by Aurelian during the
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years 270-275. Vinienacium (Kostolac) a fortress and road
centre on the Danube just above the cataracts and gorges, was lost in 256, and the old fortified cities on the south side of the
lower Danube were re-garrisoned. This military frontier proved
unable to withstand the Goths; the line was long and although
a broad belt of marsh stretched along the north bank and in the
delta, and although the Roman fortresses occupied the higher
southern bank, invaders passed easily across the river either in
rafts, in hollowed tree-trunk canoes, or over the ice during the
winter months when the river usually freezes over. In A.D.
330 the Emperor Constantine in his campaigns against the
Goths actually built a bridge across Danube at Oescus near
the modern Bulgarian town of Nikopoli, in order to improve
his communications. The bridge lined up the road from Serdica
(Sofia) by way of the Isker with the road up the Gltu Valley to
the red Tower Pass. (See Bury- History of the Later Roman Empire-I page 97)." ....An Historial Geography of Europe, page 63.
"Thus it is known that in some cases, alike in the Middle Ages and in later times, originally nucleated settlements broke up into smaller diffused groups; in Denmark and Southern Sweden, for example, as Professor Vahl pointed out for the former, nucleated villages, which were typical as late as 1800, gave place to scattered farms which moved out to the fields. (In Comtes Rendus du congies international de Geographic, Paris, 1931 Vol. ll l)" An Historical Geography of Europe, page 90.
"Moreover, considerable finds of Roman coins and other objects attest the extension of Roman trade relations; e.g., into Hanover, up the Main Valley, to the islands of the Netherlands and even to those of the Baltic, where in the island of Gothland alone over 4,000 Roman coins have been found. A much frequented trade route occupied the depressed zone from Thuringia southwards through Hesse to the lower Main and middle Rhine, and the spread of Roman coins extends as far as east as the Vistula, which it may be added, was the limit to 'Germania' given by Ptolemy. Such tokens of trade activity suggest the presence of trading settlements at fixed points
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Moreover the Gau organization of the German People involved. within each Gau a number of settlements or 'Vici' whichplayt ed a definitely regional role as centres of military defence, -O worship, of Government of communications and trade." And Historical Geography of Europe, page 127.
"Dahia - This is an ancient tribe, whose residence was the banks of the Indus, near its confluence with the Sutledge, and although they retain a place amongst the thirty-six royal races, we have not the knowledge of any as now existing. They are mentioned in the annals of the Bhattis of Jessulmer and from name as well as from locals, we may infer that they were the Dahae of Alexender." Annals of Rajasthan Vol. 1, page 98.
"In Khurasan and the bordering countries, more especially, such a dreadful famine prevailed, that it is recorded in history, and the account of it is given many historical works. In short, the government assessment upon the lands was not at all realised, and the majority of the people emigrated from the country." History of Ghazni, page 71. It seems that during this period many families migrated into India.
"A power of assimilation and synthesis has throughout the ages characterised the Indian culture. It has worked not only in the religious thoughts and social institutions of ancient India but also manifested in the persisting efforts at the conciliation of conflicting tendencies during the medivial period and it continues even today where now and strange ingredients are being introduced from the West." Evolution of Indian Culture, page 3.
"The present name India and Hindustan can be traced back to the early invaders of the country, the Persians and the Greeks. Their progress towards this country usually stopped short at the Indus or the Sindhu. Hence they called the country 'the land of the Sindhu!' Since the Persians pronounce the letter 's' as 'h' they pronounced the word Sindhu as Hindu." Evolution of Indian Culture, page 2.
"Consequently the material races of India have been chiefly bred in the dry, hilly districts of the North-West, Maharashtra and the deserts of Rajasthan, where a livelihood can only be wrested from the soil by intense efforts, and even though has to be supplemented by raids upon more favoured neighbouring regions." Evolution of Indian Culture, page 10.
"When northern India came into existence physically, men inhabited it too, and with the lapse of centuries various peoples- Dravidians, Aryans, Persians, Greeks, Sakyas, Yuchchis, Huns, Muslims and Europeans poured into India one after the other." Evolution of Indian Culture, page 27.
"The Jats of India seem to belong to "the Indo-Aryan type occupies the Punjab, Rajasthan and Kashmir. Their stature is mostly tall, complexion fair, eyes dark, hair on face plentiful, head long, nose narrow and prominent but not specially long. The Indo-Aryan race has so profoundly mixed with other races in India that it is difficult to trace it out." Evolution of Indian Culture, page 27.
"They (Jats) are not Mongoloids who are with strong feaures, beardless, yellow in colour, short in stature, sunb-nosed with flat faces and prominent Cheek Bones." Evolution of Indian Culture, page 29.
"The Aryans entered India by the North- Western passes and settled in the Punjab, clearing it of all the Dravadian settlers." ..... , Evolution of Indian Culture, page 31.
"The geographical area occupied by the Rigvedic tribes is clearly shown by the mention of certain rivers which can easily be identified. The most important among these include those of Afghanistan and the Punjab. It may therefore be safely inferred that in the Rigvedic age, the Aryans had not yet established settlements in the Southern direction nor had they yet advanced towards the East beyond a part of the Jamuna Doab. Only in the later age they occupied the East and the South." Evolution of Indian Culture, page 50.
"The lowest unit of the political and social organization of the Rigvedic people was the patriarchal family. The higher units were known Grama, vis and Jana, ...The grama (village) consisted of several families. Each had agricultural lands
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attached to it. It was a definite political unit under the headman (Gramani). He used to lead the villagers during the war or battle and attended the meetings of the Sabha or Samiti.'.... Evolution of Indian Culture, page 50. From this it has to be inferred the Germany was populated by pure Aryans of the Rigvedic people and colony was established and named after the headman of the village or gram and thus named as Gramani or Gramany or Germany.
"He (King) was expected to rule according to the customary law and was helped in the administration by a number of functionaries of whom pretty frequently mentioned in the Rigvedic are the Senani, the Gramani (Gramany) and (Purohita). The Sanani was the military commander appointed by the King; Gramany or the leader of a village seems to have been a village officer. He exercised both civil and military functions and the Purohita or the chaplain was the most important State Official of great dignity. He was the Brahman advisor of the King. He composed Hymns in praise of his patorn's exploits, invoking the favour of Gods upon him for which he was magnificently rewarded." Evolution of Indian Culture, page 52.
"Gramani (Gramany) in the Rigvedic period, was chiefly a military officer, but in the late vedic period he was both a military and civil official. He presided over the city or village where the court was held. The post of Germany was the submit of the ambition of the Vaisyas. In later years, the Gramani formed the Channel through which the Royal power was exercised in the village. (Cambridge History of India, Vol. I, page 131) Gramany and Suta were known as Rajakartri or King makers." Evolution of Indian Culture, page 76.
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"Reference in the Rigveda shows that agriculture was the main industry of the Aryans. It was principal occupation of the village folk. They ploughed the fields by means of a pair of oxen bound to the yoke." Evolution of Indian Culture, page 58.
"In the Rigvedic Age, the Aryan Tribes had spread over the regions from Kabul to the upper Ganges and had built up small kingdoms mostly under hereditary kings." Evolution of Indian Culture, page 71.
"In the words of V. A. Smith a caste is a group of families internally united by peculiar rules for the observance of ceremonial purity especially in matters of diet and marriage. But this definition does not hold good today." Evolution of Indian Culture, page 102.
"Later on, the foreigners like the Greeks, the Sakas, the Parthians, the Huns who joined the Hindu fold and embraced Hinduism were assigned new castes such as Gujjars of the Hindu Society." .... Evolution of Indian Culture, page 105.
"For a period of about a thousand years-from the invasion of Darius to the sack of Rome by the Goths-India was in more or less constant communication with the West." ...... Evolution of Indian Culture, page 285.
"Darius annexed the Indus Valley and made it the 20th province of the Persian Empire. This new province paid to the Great King the enormous annual tribute of 360 talent of gold dust (f 1078272) and supplied a light division to the Persian forces." Evolution of Indian Culture, page 288.
"But Alexender's invasion established close contacts between East and West-more precisely between India and Greece. Besides considerable bodies of Greek settlers who remained behind Alexender in the Punjab, there was a great Greek colony at Baktra, once capital of the Eastern Iran, on highroad to India." Evolution of Indian Culture, page 289.
"The establishment of the Roman Empire in Europe in the first century before Christ gave a great impetus to the Indian
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trade." ..... Evolution of Indian Culture page 295.
"In 364 A.D. the first fatal step in the downfall of the Roman Empire had been taken when it was divided. In 410 came the Goths, and fifty years later the mightiest kingdom of Europe had ceased to exist." Evolution of Indian Culture, page 297.
"There is no authentic history of how the Jats migrated to the North-West, beyond the boundary of India; because even at the dawn of Indian History, they were found in occupation of the country between Kirman and Mansura, and other tracts, bordering on Persia by the early Arab geographers and historians. They were the first Hindu people with whom the Arabs came came into contact, and all the Hindus were known to the Arabs by the name jut only. They formed the rear of the far-flung Hindu dominion then beginning to retire to the east of the Indus before the impetuous on-set of Islam. This eastward retreat of a section of the Jats has to a great extent lent colour to the theory that they were barbarian invaders of India. It is likely that the Jats, always enterprising and eager for military service, migrated beyond the Indus as mercenaries of the Persian and Maurya Emperors. They suffered a good deal in the subsequent ages for their heresy (heterodoxy=an opinion opposed to the usual or conventional belief) against orthodox Brahmanism. In Sindh they were reduced from the status of rulers to that of helots (deliberately humiliated and liable to massacre) by the Brahman usurper. And this defiance of orthodoxy was greatly responsible for the social degradation of the Jats during the Middle Ages." History of Jats by Qanungo, pages 23 & 24.
"The various waves of migration from Central Asia in the early centuries of the Christian era partly submerged, and partly swept the Jats and other Indian races back upon the shores of the Indus. The inaccessible desert of Sindh became the new home of the Jats. They had lost their caste, owning to their intercourse with impure races, their unreformed ways of life, and indifference to the rules of casts and Brabmanical teaching." History of Jats by Qanungo, pages 24 to 25.
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"The author of Mujmal-ut-Twarikh records an interesting
legend that a joint embassy was sent by the Jats and Meds of Sindh to the Court of king Duryodhana, asking for a ruler to govern them. The Jats and Meds dwelt in Sindh and on the banks of the river which is Bahar (mouth of the Indus) . The Meds held the ascendancy over the Jats, and put them to great distress, which compelled them to take refuge on the other side of the river Paban (Panjnad river), but being accustomed to the use of boats, they used to cross the river and make attacks on the Meds, who were owners of sheep. It so came to pass that the Jats enfeebled the Meds, killed many
of them and plundered their country. The Meds then became
subject to the Jats." History of Jats by Qanungo, pages 25 to 26.
"The Jats were Independent possession of the country of
Kaikan (supposed to be in south-eastern Afghanistan-Elliot, in 383), which was conquered from them by the Arab General Amran Bin Musa in the reign of the Khalif-Al-Mutasin-bi-IIah, -A.D. 833-811, (Elliot, i. 448). During the same reign another expedition was sent against the Jats who had seized upon the roads of Hajar ..... and spread terror over the road and planted posts in all directions towards the desert. They were overcome after a bloody conflict to twenty-five days. Twenty-seven thousand of them were led in captivity to grace the triumph of the victor. It was a custom among these people to blow their horns when marshalled for battle. (Elliot, ii. 247.)" History of Jats by Qanungo, pages 29 to 30.
"The only scope of these remarks on Soomer is to show that the Hindus themselves do not make India within the Indus, cradle of their race, but west amidst the hills of Causasus whence the sons of Vaivaswata or the sun-born migrated eastward to the Indus and Ganges; and founded first establishment in Kosulya, tbe capital, Ayodia or Oude". Annals of Rajisthan, Vol. I, page 20.
"The grand solstitial (happening at) festival, the Asvamedha, or sacrifice of the horse practised by tbe children of Vaivaswata, the sun-born was probably simultaneously
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introduced from Scythia into the plains of Ind, and West, by the sons of Odin, Woden or Boodha, in to Scandinavia where it became the Hiel or Hi-Ul, the festival of the winter solstice it- sun touches that of Capricorn, about, 21 st December), the grand Jubilee of northerns. 'Hya' or 'Hi' in Sanskrit 'horse'- El 'sun'. Annals of Rajasthan, Vol. I, page 21.
"Of the first migrations of the Indus-Scythic Getes Takshac and Asi into India that of Sehesnag (Takshac) from Sehesnag Des (Tocharisthan) or Sehesnag, six centuries by calculation before Christ, is the first noticed by the Puranas. About this period a grand irruption of the same races conquered Asia Minor and eventually Scandinavia; and not long after the Asi and Tachari overturned the Greek kingdom of Bactria, the Romans felt the power of the Asi, the Calti and Cimbri, from the Baltic Shore." Annals of Rajasthan, Vol. 1, page 51.
"The Swedish Chronicles bring the Swedes from Cashghar (near Yarkand) and the affinity between the Saxon Language and the Kipchak is great," Annals of Rajasthan Vol. 1. page 51.
"The Gets, Jote or Jit and Takshac races, which occupy places amongst the thirty-six royal races of India, are all from the region of Sakatai (Oxus or Jihoon to Sakatai or Saka-Dwipa-Sakatai, a region at the fountains of the Oxus and Jaxartes, styled Sakita from the Sacae). Regarding their earliest migrations, we shall endeavour to make the Poorans contribute, but of their invasions in more modern times, the histories of Mahmood of Ghazni and Timoor, abundantly acquaint us.
From the mountains of Joud (Jiddoo Ka Dang or the Yadu hills high up in the Punjab) to the shores of Makran and along the Ganges, the Jit is widely spread; while the Takshac name is now confined to inscriptions or old writings." Annals of Rajasthan Vol 1, page 52.
History of Origin of Some Clans in India:End of p.35