Saran

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Saran (सारण) or Saharan (सहारण) is a gotra of Jats in Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh in India. Saran is one of the Jat clans as described by Megasthenes with 300 cities as the Syrieni (Saran). They are mentioned by Cunningham[1] in an inscription at the Buddhist Stupa of Sanchi of the Ashoka period. They were rulers in Jangladesh porior to the rule of Rathores.

Contents

In mythology

Saran in Ramayana

Yuddha Kanda/Sarga 26 in Ramayana mentions about Saran, the spy of Ravana. On hearing the submission of Sarana, Ravana climbs up the roof of his palace and sees the entire army of vanaras from there. Ravana enquires about the various vanara leaders and Sarana shows him Nila, Angada, Nala, Sweta, Kumuda, Rambha, Sarabha, Panasa, Vinata and Krathana the army-generals along with their distinguishing characteristics. Sarana along with Shuka find mention in Ramayana Yuddha Kanda Sarga 26-29.

तद् वचः पथ्यम् अक्लीबम् सारणेन अभिभाषितम् । निशम्य रावणो राजा प्रत्यभाषत सारणम् ॥६-२६-१॥
सारण आचक्ष्व मे सर्वम् के प्रधानाः प्लवम् गमाः । सारणो राक्षस इन्द्रस्य वचनम् परिपृच्चतः ॥६-२६-१०॥

Saran in Mahabharata

Adi Parva Mahabharata Book 1 Chapter 211 in Subhadra-harana Parva mentions a grand festival of the Vrishnis and the Andhakas on Raivataka mountain. Sarana along with Gada, Vabhru, Nisatha, Charudeshna etc is mentioned in shloka 10 who accompanied by their wives adorned that mountain-festival. In this festival Subhadra is introduced as uterine sister of Saran.

अक्रूरः सारणश चैव गथॊ भानुर विडूरदः
निशठश चारु थेष्णश च पृदुर विपृदुर एव च Mahabharata (I.211.10)


Sabha Parva, Mahabharata/Book II Chapter 31 gives the Kshatriyas brought tributes on Rajasuya sacrifice of Yudhisthira. This list in shloka 5 mentions about Saran king along with Aniruddha, Vabhru, Gada, Pradumna, Samba, Charudeshna.

रामश चैवानिरुथ्धश च बभ्रुश च सह सारणः
गथ परथ्युम्न साम्बाश च चारु थेष्णश च वीर्यवान Mahabharata (II.31.5)

Vana Parva, Mahabharata/Book III Chapter 267 shloka 52 mentions about Saran as counsellor and officer of Ravana along with Shuka, who came as spies while Rama along with Vanaras were planning to cross the ocean and arrive at Lanka.

तत्रास्तां रावणामात्यौ राक्षसौ शुकसारणौ
चारौ वानररूपेण तौ जग्राह विभीषणः Mahabharata (III.267.52)


चारुथेष्णश च थुर्धर्षस तदैव गथ सारणौ
अक्रूरश च महाबाहुः किं मां वक्ष्यति सारदे Mahabharata (III.19.20)

History

Described by Megasthenes

Saran is one of the Jat clans as described by Megasthenes With 300 cities as the Syrieni (Saharan) along with Derangae (Dengri), Posingae, Buzae (Bajya), Gogiarei (Gugar, Godara), Umbrae (Unvarwal), Nereae (Nehra), Brancosi (Bharangar ), Nobundae (Nawad), Cocondae (Kookana), Nesei (Naij), Pedatrirae (Penda), Solobriasae, Olostrae (Ojlan) Who adjoin the island Patale, from the furthest shore of which to the Caspian gates the distance is said to be 1, 925 miles

Sanchi inscription

They are mentioned by Cunningham[2] in an inscription at the Buddhist Stupa of Sanchi of the Ashoka period as under:

No. 87. — Aya Rahilasa Sārhineyakasa-Mātu dānam.

"Gift of Arya Rahila, the mother of Sarhineyaha.

History as per bards

According to the bard of this dynasty king Gaj of Ghazni had two sons named Mangal Rao and Masur Rao. Mangal Rao was the ruler of Lahore and Masur Rao of Sialkot. Foreign invaders drove both of them out of their kingdoms. Masur Rao fled away to the deserts of Rajasthan. He had two sons named Abhai Rao and Saran Rao. Descendants of Abhai Rao came to be called Bhurhya Bhatti and those of Saran Rao, Saran. Mangal Rao had six sons, named Mojam Rao, Gulrish, Moolraj, Sheoraj, Kewl Rao and Phul Rao. Descendants of Gulrish came to be called Gloraya or Kiliraya, those of Moolraj, Munda and those Sheoraj, Sheoran. Descendants of Kewal Rao and Phul Rao adopted pottery as their profession and were called Kumhar.

People belonging to Kiliraya and Munda gotras are found in Bikaner State.

Rulers in Jangladesh

Earlier they were in Central Asia than they migrated to northern salt-range Punjab region in India and at the time of Alexander invasion in Punjab in 326 B.C. they fought with Alexander The Great and then Saran along with Sihag,Punia,Godara,Beniwal and Johiya migrated to north Rajasthan region known as Jangladesh and ruled there till 15th century.

Sarans were rulers in Jangladesh. Jangladesh coincided with the princely state of Bikaner in Rajasthan. When Rathores under the leadership of Bika and Kandal were spreading their rule in Jangladesh. At that time Saran Jat were ruling in about 360 villages in Jangledesh. Pula Saran was their king and their capital was at Bhadang town. Bharang (भाड़ंग) is an ancient village in Taranagar tahsil in Churu district in Rajasthan. It is in Raiyatunda Panchayat in east of it. The ancient town was slightly away from the present town some where in between Bhurawas and Sahawa. We find traces of the ancient town in form of ruins and coins etc.

Prior to the rule of Rathores, it was capital of Saran Jats. Khejra, Phog, Buchawas, Suin, Badnu and Sirsala were its districts. Their king's name was Pula Saran and he had 360 villages under him.

As for the Jats prior to coming of Rathors in Rajasthan Nainsi refers to Jat settlements at Bhadang which is identified as the Saran Jatan Ra Des or des belonging to the Saran sept of Jats. [3]

There are evidences of town being in existence in 725 AD. There is temple of Pula Saran. Pandiyas were the priests of Sarans of this area.

Pulasar (पूलासर) is a village in Sardarshahar tahsil in Churu district in Rajasthan. It is situated in southeast direction of Sardarshahar at a distance of few kms. It was founded by its ruler Pula Saran.


Pula Saran's wife was Malki who was abducted by Godara chief Pandu and there was a war with Godara regarding Malki. Sarans had war with Rathores but the Godara Jats had aligned with Rathores due to which Sarans faced a defeat. Godaras were the most powerful among the Jat rulers of Jangladesh. The lack of harmony and coordination among other Jat rulers led to the defeat of Jat states in Jangladesh and established the Rathore Kingdom.

Saran Hinglaj temple - Saran Hinglaj temple is situated near the banks of Hingol River in Samakarata and Khald Pradesh, positioned on the trade routes connecting Baluchistan and Sindh with Gujarat, Jaisalmer, Marwar and Bikaner etc. [4]

Distribution in Rajasthan

Locations in Jaipur city

Adarsh Nagar, Ambabari, Bagruwalon ka Rasta, Bapu Nagar, Bhagwati Nagar, C-Scheme, Gandhi Nagar, Hanuman Nagar, Kailashpuri, Khatipura, Mansarowar Colony, Murlipura Scheme,

Villages in Jaipur district

Akoda, Khuriyal, Lakholai Phagi (6), Mukundpura Dadawata (2), Pratappura Phagi (2), Sunadiya (1), Tootoli (7), Khudiyala, Mamana Dudu, Mangalwara, Meerapura,

Villages in Ajmer district

Sursura (1),

Villages in Jodhpur district

Bisalpur, Aau, Amla, Phalaudi, Jati Bhandu, Jhanwar, Jodhpur, Keru, Khariya Khangar, Khinchan, Kudi, Nandara Kalan, Nandiya Khurd, Ostaran, Raikoriya, Ratkudia, Saranon Ki Dhani (Madlakhurd), Salwa Kalla,

Villages in Nagaur district

Arwar, Bajoli, Basni Khaleel Bhaiya Khurd, Degana, Dhundhiyari, Gotan, Kameriya, Nagri, Rol, Saranwas,

Villages in Barmer district

Balotra, Barmer, Baytu, Beriwala Tala (बेरीवाला तला), Boonth Jet, Chabawas, Chhitar Ka Par, Chokhala, Dharasar, Jemlani Sarnon Ka Tala, Kalyanpur, Kekad, Kashmir (कश्मीर), Kharapar, Koshlu, Malpur, Naya Bhuratia (Kawas), Rawatsar, Ratasar, Sarnu, Savau, Sindhari, Purawa, Sarnon Ka Tala (t.Chohtan), Sarnon Ki Nari (t.Chohtan), Bakani Sarnon Ki Dhani, Kehrani Sarnon Ka Tala, Sarnon Ka Tala (t.Gudha Malani), Sarnon Ka Tala (t.Gudha Malani), Sarnon Ki Beri (t.Pachpadra),

Villages in Jaisalmer district

Bhaniyana,

Villages in Pali district

Chandawal Nagar, Mandiyan, Bera Ghenadi (Dadia), Dhundhla (Sojat), Sojat Road, Sarangwas(Sojat),

Villages in Jalor district

Khara, Lalji Ki Dungari, Mirpur Kheda,

Villages in Sikar district

Chuwas, Hudera, Mirjwas, Ghirania Bara

Villages in Churu district

There are 90 villages of Saran Jats around Sardarshahar(Teh. HQ), including Udasar, Pulasar, Hariyasar Jatan, Bandhnau, Sarsar, Bhojrasar, Bhanipura, Dhani Panchera, Udsar. Alsar, Bharang, Dhana Kaswan, Kadia, Khejaran, Chhabri Khari, Khudi Khari, Lalgarh, Sardarshahar, Sirsala, Ratanpura, Ratnadesar (15), Dhingi,

Villages in Bikaner district

Bajju, Bikaner, Kolayat, Nathusar, Lalam Desar Bara, Rajpura Huddan,

Villages in Hanumangarh district

Bashir, Bhaguwala, Bhojasar, Bolanwali, Chahuwali (चहुवाली), Chanan, Chhapanwali, Deeplana, Dhaban, Dhadheta, Dhandhela, Dhigawali Jatan, Dingarh, Goluwala, Gogameri, Kaluana, Kharakhera, Kishanpura Utradha, Kular, Manak Thedi, Morjand Khari, Nagrana, Nathor, Nukera, Nyaulkhi, Pakka Saharana, Pakki Dabli, Panditanwali, Phephana, Rajpuria, Ratanpura, Rohidawali, Saharani, Saliwala, Sangaria Sardarpura Jiwan, Tatarsar, Teja Khera, Jasana, 18 S.P.D.,

Villages in Sri Ganganagar district

Bakhtana 13Q, Bhompura, Chak-4z ii, Dhingawali Jatan, Gharsana, Lagarh Jatan, Madhera, 46 RBA Padampur, Chak 1F Chhoti, KSD Dhani, Ganeshgarh, Dungar Singh Pura, Likhmewala, Ladhuwala, Mammad,

Villages in Jhunjhunu district

Birol, Khedar Ki Dhani,

Villages in Tonk district

Bagpura (1), Bhairupura (5), Kachaulya (1), Kala ki Dhani (1), Naya Dhila (1), Pandreda (1),

Villages in Bhilwara district

Sarnon Ka Khera, Saran Ka Khera (t.Mandalgarh),

Villages in Sirohi district

Saran Ka Khera (t. Reodar),

Distribution in Haryana

Villages in Kaithal district

Kharak, Dubal (दूबल), Kole-Khan (कौलेखाँ)

Villages in Hisar district

There are 24 villages of Saran Jats in Hisar district. Villges are: Kuthara (कुठारा) Badchhapar (बड़छपर) Kaimari, Riyasar (रियासर) Julana (जुलाना) Kherti ((खेरटी) Hasangarh (हसनगढ़) Yajara (याजरा) Virwal (विरवाल) Sarsana (सरसना) khedar

Villages in Sirsa district

Asa Khera (आसा खेडा) (Sirsa), Chautala, Dhingtania (धिंगतानिया) (Sirsa), Jhittikhera, Kaluana, Kalwana, Farmana Badshapur (Meham), Barasari (बरासरी) (Sirsa), Jasania (जसनिया), Shakar Mandori (शकर मंदोरी )

Villages in Fatehabad district

Bhattu Kalan,

Villages in Rohtak district

Farsana (फरसाना) , Madina (मदीना), Bhaini Chandrapal (भैनी चंद्रपाल) , Singhpur (सिंहपुर) , Nidaana (निदाना) , Vailwa (वैलवा) , Saiman (सैमाण) ,

Villages in Kurukshetra district

Barna

Distribution in Punjab

Bhagsar, Kular, Panchkosi, Julani,

Villages in Ludhiana district

Distribution in Madhya Pradesh

Saharan gotra Jats are found in MP in many districts. They are at Atarsama Harda, Bhopal, Harda, Intkheri (Raisen),

Villages in Mandsaur district

Molyakheri, Rajnagar (Sitamau), Ralayta (Haidra Mata),

Villages in Nimach district

Fatehnagar (3), Jawad (1), Kundal (1), Khadawda (4), Malaheda (1),

Villages in Ratlam district

Om Prakash Saran, Piploda Ratlam

Villages in Ratlam district with population of this gotra are:

Badauda 12, Bangrod 1, Banjali 2, Bardiya goyal 2, Bhatkheda 1, Bilpank 2, Damottar 2, Dantodiya 2, Dhamottar 2, Dhaunswas 9, Dheekwa 13, Ghatwas 1, Jawra 1, Jharsandala 1, Kalkheda 19, Kalori 2, Kalori khurd 1, Kotdi 1, Narayangarh sailana 1, Negarda 10, Panched 4, Panchewa 12, Piploda 28, Raoti 1, Ratlam 3,, Rupa kheda 22, Sikhedi 3, Surana 7,

Villages in Harda district

Abgaon Kalan, Baidi,

Distribution in Uttar Pradesh

Villages in Meerut District

There are two villages of Saharan gotras in District Meerut: Chindhori and Rampur

Villages in Rampur District

Navadia,

Villages in Mujaffarnagar District

Oon (उन) , Pandaura (पंडौरा) , Chandaudi (चंदौड़ी)

Villages in Bijnor District

Mubarakpur Saharan (t.Najibabad),

Gallery of Saharans

Daulatram Saharan

Tara Chand Saharan

Khayali Saharan

Surendra Saharan (Deeplana)

Notable persons of Saran gotra

References

  • Thakur Deshraj: Jat Itihas (Hindi), Maharaja Suraj Mal Smarak Shiksha Sansthan, Delhi, 1934.
  • James Tod: Annalas and Antiquities of Rajasthan (1829)

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