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ravichaudhary
May 3rd, 2003, 02:18 AM
I came across this.

The author alleges that the Rajputs of the Pundeer clan ruled Sahranpur in 712 AD.

That cannot be as the word Rajput did not exist at that time.

They would Gujars or Jats.

Is Pundeer is Jat Gotra ?.

Can someone identify the other gotras ?.

Note : they could be misspelled or the spelling changed when the translation is being done.

Does Gaharwal have anything to do with Garhwal as in Tehri Garhwal r is the Gahadwal clan who are Jats.

Ravi




http://www.saharanpurtoday.com/history.html

Complete Information of SAHARANPUR CITY
History of SAHARANPUR - Part 1 of 2





History:-Saharanpur is a renowned district of Uttar Pradesh, surrounded by sivalik ranges in the North and North East. Its boundary is formed by the Yamuna in the west and the Ganga in the East. The History of this regior is extrmely old. The region is extremely old. The region was known as Ushinar during the latter Vedic Period. A historical survey reveals that the region has undergone the change of name from time to time.


PRE HISTORIC PERIOD:As a result of Archestogical survey, the remains of various cultures have been excavted and found. On the basis of material available from the survey, the oldest date of Saharanpur can be determined 2000 B.C. and near about . On the basis of Mridbhands, axes and other articles excavated from Ambakheri, Badgaon, Hulas, Bahadrabad and Nasirpur etc. It can be affirmed that, in this district, there are founded remains of Pre- Indus civilization, Indus Civilization, reddle shaded Mridbhand Culture, Copper cultture and pointed carpeted Carpeted with dust. Dhusar Mridbhand culture. This makes it obvious that there was habilition in Saharanpur District even before Indus Valley civilization. After the advent of Aryans, There is available a chronological history of this district. It is an altogether different matter that till date there is inavailability of specific information concerning local monarchs, related to different dynasties, and their administrative set up. .


REMAINS OF INDUS VALLEY:In Bahadurabad, close to Kankhal(Brahmins happened to be the ministers of the kings and used to act as the purohits in several yajnas.)a renowned city of antiquity, there have been found, in the basin of Ganga, Brown coloured earthen pots which appear to be copper shaded. They are said to be related with Indus Valley. Besides this the Mridbhands similar to those of the Harappan culuture have been found in Ambakheri , Badgoan, Nasirpur and Hulas. The Remains of indus civilization ,having been found at Ropar, it was conjectured that Indus civilization was widespeared throughout Northern India. Now, as a result of its remains being traced out at different places of Saharanpur District ,it is almost ascertained that indus civilization was speard from the indus to the Ganga. .


VEDIC PERIOD :Having migarted from Sapta Saindhav pradesh (HEPTAPOMATIC REGION) and crossing the yamunna, the Aryans planted their first colony at Ushinagar , which was no other than saharanpur . They had to fight not only the oborigines of this place, but there were reciprocal aryan tribal battles also . Due these battles also ,several eminent leaders emerged,and there were formed larger groups and catagories . The mass was bramins under the doming influence of the Brahmins. That is why the intermediate region fo the Ganga and Yammuna came to be known as Brahanarshi Desh SAPTA SAROVAR where the Brahmarshis used to The Aryans had announced this region
after the Punjab.what marks it obvious is that Ganga and Yamuna find thier mention once only in the Rigveda.An account of the conflict between Aryans and aborigines of this region is found in the Regveda.Chief among these aborigines were Drawid,Kinner,Dasa and Dasyns.The war between Shambar,the Dasa monarch and Divodasa,the Ayans monarch continued till forty years.Shambar was killed as a result of an Aryans alliance withIndra.The Kingdom of Shambar went under the region of Divodasa. Sudas,the son of Divodas,captured the Paurav kingdom of Hastinapur also Samvaran,the King thereof,escaped towards the SaptaSaindhava(Punjab). thus the Aryavatra,including Saharanpur was under his monarchy.After sometimes,Samvarana won back his proviance,conquerred by Sudas.The region from saraswati to Ganga come to be known Kanrava Pradesh,after the name of his son Kurn10.The Kuru Jangala Pradesh,in which there was Saharanpur also,became a part of Kuru state.Hastinapur was the capital of Kuru State.After Kuru,his son Shantana became the monarch of Kuru Jangal Pradesh.Thereafter Vichitravirya,then Pandu and after that Dhritarashtra ascended the throne.During thier region there occured the war between Kauravas and Pandavas,which is famous as the war of mahabharata.

Afterthe Mahabharata war,Emperor Yudhishthira became the monarch of Kuru Jangala Pradesh.After Lord Krishna's ascension to His Holy Abode, Yudhishthira lost heart.Having entrusted Parikshit,the son of abhi- manyu,with crown and sceptre,he ascended the Himalayasvia DevVan (present deoband),Kankhal andMayapur(Haridwara). After Parikshit,the reins of Kuru Pradesh were held by Janmejaya, (Parikshit's son).Thereafter the Kuru thorne was occupied chrono- logicallyby Shatanik,Ashvamedhaja,AsimKrishna and his son Nemichakra (Nichaksha).During his region Hastinapur,the capital city was sub- merged by Gangetic innudation and the monarch of Kaurava clan migrat- ed towards Kaushambi12,a township of Vatsadesha,and settled there simultaneously,the Vagas captured the Kuru Pradesh.This event is of 9th or 10th century B.C.


Saharanpur remained under Kuru Pradesh,but the Mahajanapadas of 6th century B.C.could not maintain thier status quo for long.During the age of Gautam Buddha Koshala state was expanded from Himalayas to Kashi and it remained under Prasenajit,the monarch Buddha made a journey to Hastinapur ,After sometimes when this region again came under Kuru federal Kingdom,it was divided into Yandheya,Ushimar and Srughna Janpadas.

"NANDA REGIME" there is not available any specific proof oriented knowledge concerning the history of Saharanpur till the Regime of Mahapadmananda.During the reign of Mahapadmananda this sole monarchy of Magadha was expanded from Northern Bihar to the Yamuna river. Then a larger part of Saharanpur District was under Srughna13 Jana- pada.it was still and independent Janapada,not under subordination of Magadha.

The SHAKUMBHARI DEVI TEMPLE of saharanpur Janapada was an eminent pilgrimage spot of Srughna Janapada.Brihadhatta(Behat), near Shakumbhari was an important town.This township was an imporrtant town.This township was loated at a distance of one Yojana from Shakum- bhari temple and was on the highway that led to the North of the Kuru Pradesh.

MAURYA EMPIRE(320 B.C-184 B.C.)Having borne the brunt of defeat for the first time from Nanda,Chandragupta and Acharya Chanakya mannaged to reach Shakumbhari14 ira,Kaushambi,Kampilya,Shukra Kshetra,Govinashan, Shivalik and Mayapuri.Seating themselves here,they organised an army to deafeat Nanda15;and having arrived at Himavat Kuta,Chanakya entered into a treaty with Parvataka16,and consequently they defeated Nanda.
Thus,Srughna Janapada was also assimilated to the Maurya Empire and Saharanpur became a part of the Maurya Empire.This is ascertained by the Ashokan grapholith17 also.Saharanpur remained under this regime till the administrative temire of Brihadratha,the last ruler of the Maurya Empire.Besides,an Ashokan Pillar was excavated from Topari of Saharanpur(Khijarabad);the pillar was taken to Delhi by Feeroz Shah Tughlaq,and it is still in Feeroj Shah Kotla18.

THe route leading Megasthenese to India passed through Saharanpur.The Greek traveller reached Patlipur via Gandhar,Taxila,Indus,Hydaspes (Jhelum),Satluj,Ravi,Yamuna and Hastinapur19. Haridwara(Mayapur)and Behat were the renouned cities of that time. Behat was next to Mayapur in importance,because it was an important Buddhistic centre,

In 1834 Captain Kotalain,while leading the digging of Yamuna Canal,led an excavation in Behat also,where about 17 feet below the present terrestriallevel,there were found one statue of Bhuddha,and some coins of Indo Scythian period20,.

Besides there were in existence some other old and renowned townships of Deoband,Nakur and sarsava claiming thier existence in the Mahabharta age.The Pandavas passed thier period of Silvan exile.it is famed that Nakul habilitated the township of Nakur.

SHUNG DYNASTY(184 B.C.-72 B.C.):The Shung Dynasty reigned after the Mauryanera.In accordance with the puranas and evidences available, thier reigme was upto 112 years.During this period several smaller Ganarajyas were established in India.For sometimes,the existence of even Saharanpur was under fluctuation on account of Greek invasions on India. During the regime of Pushyamitra in 155 B.C.

Milind invaded this region but himself was defeated at Kalosindhu near gwalior,by Vasumitra.The historians are not unanimous about the imperial expansion of Milinda.If it is agreed upon that,after the defeat of Milind Panchal Pradesh(upto the territory of numis- matic availablity)remained to exist,it is established that Saharanpur was a part of the Kingdom of Milinda.

If Buddhists writings are taken as evidence(in which there is a mention of mass slaughter of the Buddhists by Pushyamitra),then it is indisputable that Saharanpur must have been under the Shunga regime,at least in the period of Pushyamitra Shunga.

YAUDHEYA GANARAJYA(1st century B.c.-4th A.D.):The power of Shunga Empire,having suffered invadingIndia intermittently.The death Knell of the Greek regime had been sounded in the region of Saharanpur,as the Yaudheyan coins of 1st century B.C.have beenfounded at Behat of Saharanpur District.

23 Rapson 24and Vincent Smith 25 also are of the same opinion.The Yaudheya regime ended from Saharanpur,when Kanishka had claimed his right over the region from Panchala and Kaushala.

The coins of Huvishka also have been founded in plenty in Saharanpur. The might of Kushma dynasty,having suffered a deline,the Yaudheyas regained their right to rule this region.In the Prayag Stambh ins- cription of Samudragupta,the Gupta Emperor,the Yaudheyas have been enumerated among those people,who paid off types of taxes to the Gupta Emperor,followed all his commandments and bowed themselves in reverence before him.26

KUNIND GANARAJYA(About 1st century B.C.to 4th century A.D.): There is found a mention of Kunind Janapad contemporary to Yaudheyas.From the seals/coins of Kunind available from Saharanpur District,it is known that Kunind Janapad was expanded in the entire Northern Region between the Vyas and the Ganga.A major portion of Saharanpur came under this region.

27 GUPTA PERIOD:The present Saharanpur,though divided into Kunind and the Yaudheya Ganas till the regime of Samudragupta,was still under the Gupta Empire.In Shakumbhari and neighbouring Shivalik hills and in several other places of SaharanpurDistrict,there have been found the statusof Gupta period and Silver coins.

28.They reveal that in the first decade of 5th century,these ganarajyas had ceased to exist,and Chandragupta second annexed this region to the mighty Gupta Empire.

29 By the time of Skandagupta this entire region rem- ained under the Gupta administration.At that very time the township of Manglaur was habilitated and the King MangalSen of Manglor got a fortres constructed.MangalSen was a regent(Samant)of Gupta Kings.

HUN(440 A.d.):right since the period of SkandaGupta the power of the Imperial guptas started to suffer a decline,and the Huns got themselves spread in the Gangetic Plains.About 475 A.D.Tormana,the Huna Chieftain became the Emperor of the Huna Empire.He captured Punjab,Mathura,Western Uttar pradesh and some areas of central India.In 510-11 A.D.he suffered a defeat in the hands of Bharmgupta. Saharanpur District was still under the Jurisdiction of the Hunas. In 515 A.D.Tormanis son Mihirkul emerged as his successor.In Gwalior, there have been found his coins and inscriptions,from which it is revealed that his Kingdom was expanded from Punjab to Central India.

Baladitya and Yashodharman,the ruler of Malva defeated him and ex- panded his territory upto Sialkot.Thus the Huna Empire came to and in Western U.P. and Punjab and Saharanpur came under Yashodharman, the ruler of Malwa,for sometime.

After Yashodharman,from 554 A.D.to the rise of Harshavardhana(606 A.D.), Saharanpur District and a part of Northern Do-ab was under the Maukhari Kingdom of Kannary 32.

In this very time Srughna Janapada was established again in Saharanpur.

THE REGIME OF HARSHAVARDMAN(606 A.D.-647 A.D.)Parallel to the Maukharis of Kanauj,there emerged in Thaneshwar a new dynasty,where ruler Prabha- karvardhana was bestowed with the title of Param Bhattarak.Buhller says that the Kingdom of Prbhakarvardhan was limited upto Thaneshwar only

33. In views of Hieuntsang,acceptable to Cunningham also,the Kingdom of Prabhakar Vardhan included the states of Southern Punjab and Eastern Rajputana.This Kingdom was expanded upto 1200 miles

34.The present analysis makes it obvious that,at the time of Harsha's cornation the territories of the state of Thaneshwar mingled with the Huna Region in the North West,the Hills in the North,and the Maukhari states of Kannauj in the East.River Yamuna was the dividing line of their states.After the assosiation of Grahvarman Maukhari,
Harsh became the ruler of Thaneshwer and Kannanj.Thus the entire Northern India came under his Jurisdiction. Hieuntsang,the chinese traveller visited India during Harsha's region.He has made a mention of Sul-lu-Kina(Srugna)in Harsha's Kingdom,whose Capital is deemed to be the present Sungaon35.It was in a dilapidated condition.There is no mention of the King.

36.According to HIeuntsang, in Srughna,there were five Buddhist monasteries,which claimed more than a thousand Buddhistic followers.Most of them were followers of the Hinayana sect and the followers of other Buddhistic sects were very few in member .There were hundred temples of divinity and a large number of non Buddhistic faith also resided there.31.Hieuntsang travelled to Kannauj via the then renowned townships of Behat38 and Mayapur39 of this District.

In 647A.D.after the death of Harsha,the anarchy and disorder,that pre- vailed in the Uttarpatha is known from an account provided by Ma Toan Lin, a chinese writer of 13th century.

According to him,after the demise of Harsha,Arjuna,his minister became the lord of the state.according to accounts furnished by minstre4ls,in 712 A.D,Pundaki and saharanpur were inhabited by the Rajputs of Pundeer clan.

THE REGIME OF YASHOVARMAN(about 731-750 A.D)
The period of 75 years from the fall of Arjuna to the advent of Yashovarman fails to provide any infor- mation about the history of Saharanpur.In the third decade of 8th century, There is a graphic account of the Digvijay of Yashovaram in the Prakrit poetry of Vakpati,a renowned poet.41. Thus, it is known that once again, Saharanpr came under Yashovarman, the ruler of Kannaj.

About 740 A.D the kasmir ruler Laitaditya started his march of victory and he reached Kannajy via Saharanpur region, and defeated their ruler Yashovarman. A plenty of Lalita ditya coins have been received form Banda district. This proves the invasion of Lalitaditya, and makes it known that, after the defeat of Yashvarman, Saharanpur remained under the administration of Lalitaditya of Kashmir.

ravichaudhary
May 3rd, 2003, 02:19 AM
Saharanpur history Part II

AYUDDHA DYNASTY(760-794 A.D) About 760 AD when Kannanj came under the command of Ayuddha dynasty. There ruled three rulers, viz Vajrayuddha, Indrayuddha and Chakrayaddha. Their Kingdom was expanded upto the Yamuna. Hence Saharanpur remained under Ayuddha dynasty. Fajshekhara has termed Kannanj as the capital of Ayuddha dynasty had been accepted as the lord by Bhoja, Matsya, Madra, Kuru, Avanti, Yavan, Gandhar and Kirata Kings.

It is obvious that under Ayuddha dynasty, there were thaneshwar, Mastsya and Panchala desh described in the Brihatsanhita, and by virtue of being a part of the Madhyadesha, Saharanpur also remained under Ayuddha dynasty, but this could not continue for long.

GURJAR PRATIHAR DYNASTY (836AD- 1018AD) The 9th century A.D coins of gurjar Pratihar King Bhojadev(Adivarsh)have been found in plenty in Saharanpur, Which ascertain that Saharanpur remained under Bhojadev.

The inscription (Harsha Samvat 276-882 A.D) received form Paheva located in East Punjab ( Present Haryana) Proves that the gurjar Pratihar Kingdom included the provinces upto Haryana in the North West. In the end of 10th century AD and the beginning of 11th century A.D those parts of Haryana of Devpal Rajyapal aministration that were coming down under the command of Pratihar dynasty since Bhoja,slipped out of thier ruler's hold,but the entire Do-ab was under Rajya Pal.



In 1018 A.P.50,when Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni invaded the Ganga Yamuna Do-ab and trampled the area upto Kannauj,Saharanpur remained under the rule of the Gurjar Pratihar rulers of Kannauj even up to that time.Some part of Saharanpur came to be known as Gujrat.

MUSLIM INVADER(1018-1033 A.D.):Even during Gujrat Pratihar period the Muslim invasions had started on the land of Saharanpur.Muslim historians have also made a frequent mention of Saharanpur.It appears that the ancient high way from Panjab to Delhi used to lead through Saharanpur,Deoband,and Meerut.Hence,whenever some foreigner invadedDelhi and consolidated his power there,the Northern Do-ab fell into his reign automatically.In his travelogue Albaruni(970-1039 A.D.)makes a mention of Shaharsharah,which he tells to have been situated in between Thaneshwar and Kannauj.Cunningham considers it to be the present Sarsava.51. Sarsava found its second mention during the invasion of Sultan Mahmid of Ghazni,when he crossed the Yamuna and alighted at Saharwa.Cunningham has termed this township also as Sarsava.52.It was here that Mahmud defeated Chandrani,the ruler of Sarsava(1019 A.D.). This Chandrani had become an independent ruler in the time of Trilochan Rai,the ruler of Kannauj.53.

After the invasion of Mahmid of Ghazni,there was a continuance of Muslim invasion over the central part.According to Tarikh-E-Subuktaghin in 1033 A.D.Ahmed Niyaltghin(the governer of Punjab)planned to attack Banaras.54.All of a sudden,he had reached Banaras, having crossed the Ganges at Saharanpur,and following the Eastern bank track.At that time, Banaras was under the King Gang.

While returning,Niyalatghin,having plundered the Antarvedi, 55 having plundered the cities of Antarvedi 55,reached Lahore.

BHAJ PARMER(1010-1055):After the invasion of Niyalatghim,Northern Gnagetic valley came under the controlof Bhoj Parmars.It is not clear,when did it take place.But it comes to knowledge from Bhoja's Udaipur enlogy that his army had reached the Himalayan basin in the North of Kannauj.His Kingdom included North,North Eastern,entire Uttar Pradesh,leading through Gwalior and a part of Bihar.56.Hence in 1055 Saharanpur was under the control of Bhoja.

KALCHURI DYNASTY(1055-1089 A.D.)In order to set up a defence of his conquerred territory, Bhoja had to wage intermitted battles upon Lakshmikarna Kalchuri,the son of Ganga Deva.
Hence the Kashi region had slliped away from his hands.Afterwards,LakshmiKaran,marching through Kannauj Kangra reigion situated situated in the basin of Keer(Himachal Pradesh)57. Thereafter,having slliped from the hands of his son Yamkarna,the region of Saharanpur and neighbourhood,went into the control of Chandra Dev,the Gaharval ruler.


KALCHURI DYNASTY(1055-1089 A.D.)In order to set up a defence of his conquerred territory, Bhoja had to wage intermittent battles upon Lakshmikarna,marching through Kannauj conquerred Kangra reigion situated in the basin of Keer (Himachal Pardesh)57.

Thereafter,having slipped from the hands of his son Yamkarana,the region of Saharanpur and neighbourhood,went into the control of ChandraDev,the Gaharwal ruler. GAHARWAL RULERS(1089-1154):it is known from Basai inscription of Govind Chandra Gaharwal, that he had brought under his control Kashi,Kaushik(Kannauj),North Koshala,Indraprastha (Delhi)and the entire neighbouring vicinities.58.Even then Saharanpur was known as Ushinar.59.
CHAHMAN DYNASTY(1154-1192):When did the Saharanpur region slip away from the hands of Gaharwal dynasty into those of Chahman60 dynasty,cannot be affirmed as certain,yet this region was under subordination of Chahman dynasty,for it is written in the Delhi Shivalik Pillar ins- cription Topri(1164 A.d.)of 4th Vigrahraj Bisaldev(1150-1164),"defeated Tambar,the Tomer Raj, he was a regent (Samant)of Govind Chand Gaharwal."

61.After his defeat,east,Punjab,some parts of Western Uttar Pradesh came under his control.During the second Battle of Tarain(1192)of PrithiviRaj Chahman,the territory of Chahman Kingdom were expanded from the Himalayas upto Vindhya region.62.

The Saharanpur region was called Ushinar still.From 1192 to 1526 Saharanpur was under the Muslims rulers. On the basis of folklore tradition,the concept was formed that Mohammed ibn Tughlaq nomenclatured. Saharanpur on the name of Shah Haroun Chisti,the Sufi Saint,but this fact is not proved by the historians contenporary to Tughlak.
Dr.Budh Prakash,in his book Maratha and Panipat vide article "Role Of Saharanpur"has determined the foundation date of Saharanpur by Muhammad Tughlaq as 1364, which is incorrect,for the death of Muhammad Tughlaq had taken place in 1351.
It is a reality,that Akbar made Saharanpur Sircar under Delhi Province.The jagir of Saharanpur was bestowed upon Rana Sahranbir Singh(jain),who laid the foundation of Saharanpur.

In 1707 A.D.on the demise of Aurangzeb,the decline of the Mughal Empire began,and about a century(1707-1808)Saharanpur was under Sikh invasions.During this period,the Sikhs inhabited Saharanpur.

SAHARANPUR UNDER THE CONTROL OF BARHA SAYYEDS(1712-1739 A.D.):The Reins of Saharanpur remained in the hands of Barah Sayyeds of Jansath from 1712 to 1739.In 1738 AD.Vazier Qamarabdin,accom- panied by Ali Muhammad the Rohilla Chieftain,invaded Jansath,and,having defeated the Sayyeds, brought Jansath under his control.Thus,Saharanpur slipped away from the hands of the Sayyeds.2. In 1739 Delhi was invaded by Nadirshah.After his departure,anarchy prevailed in the entire Do-ab. Having taken its advantage,the Rohillas were in control of trans-Ganges region and the Gujars of Landhora became the masters of the region upto Jwalapur.

NAJIB-UD-DAULA-THE NAWAB OF SAHARANPUR(1748-1770 A.D.):Emperor Muhammad Shah died in 1748,after which there followed a conflict between his Vazir Safdarjang and Ghazi-al-din,the army-Chief. Safdarjang sent an army under the command of Indra Giri Goswami,with a view to capturing Saharanpur,but,even before reaching Saharanpur,that unfated army was defeated by Ghazi-u-din, helped by Rohilla Chieftains-Nazaf khan (Nazeeb-ud-daula)had achieved Saharanpur alongwith the jagir of Barah Sayyeds.

After 1754 A.D.Najeeb-ud-daula started living in Saharanpur and made Gaunsgarh his capital.In order to make his situated powerful,Najeeb-ud-daula entered into a friendship with ManoharSingh. In 1759 A.D.Najeeb-ud-din isued a deed of Agreement of 550 villages to Raja Manohar Singh of Landhora.Thus the Rohillas and the Gujjars inhabitated Saharanpur an mass.

In 1757,Raghumath Rai and MalhaRao Holkar were in control of Najeeb-ud-daula's Jagir Saharanpur for a short while,but Raghunath Rai,having left Saharanpur for Punjab,regained it.Thus,the conflict between Najeeb and Marathas went on and came to end on 18 December 1788 with the arrest of Ghulam Qadir,the grandson of Nazeebuddan who was defeated by Mahadaji Sindia,and Saharanpur came under the Maratha Kingdom.

The significant contribution of Ghulam Qadir to Saharanpur is Nawab Ganj locality and the Ahmedabadi fortrees therein,which stands still before the Vijay Talkies.

MARATHA REGIME(1789-1803 A.D.):The death of Ghulam Qadir drew the last nail in the coffin of Rohilla Administration in saharanpur.Saharanpur became the Northern most District of Maratha Kingdom. Ghani Bahadur Banda was appointed the first Maratha governor of Saharanpur.

During the Maratha Regime,the locality PIR of Saharanpur,the temple adjacent to the company garden and the Bhuteshwar Temple came into existence.The BalaSundari Temple near Devi Kund at Deoband and the Temples at Gangaghat in Haridwara,are supposed to have been got built by Marathas.

THE REGIME OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY(1803-1947)After the defeat of Marathas,the Britishers captured Saharanpur on 30 December 1803.Though the invasions of Sikhs,the Maratha accomplices, were in continuance.These Sikh invaders started getting support from Ranghars and Gujars soldiers.From 1804 to 1947 A.D.There was the British domination over Saharanpur,and thus,there began the Christian habitation in Saharanpur.


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