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  1. #361
    I have read the very interesting issue being raised by learned authors namely Burdak sahib and Kharb sahib on five places as supposed to have been demanded by Pandavas from Kaurvas as price of peace and truce between the two parties.
    Since epic Mahabharat itself as known to us today is a growth of or evolution of tradition over centuries of years, no definite conclusion should be drawn on isolated narratives here and there before supporting evidence is gathered.

    Since we are dealing with the event that goes back to pre or proto historic antiquity, it is very difficult to collect facts of the case, so tentative surmises or hypothesis could best be made which in the light of newer information either could be accepted or rejected.
    In present state of our knowledge of the topic under discussion, it needs further exploration.Thanks.
    Last edited by DrRajpalSingh; June 18th, 2018 at 12:19 PM.
    History is best when created, better when re-constructed and worst when invented.

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  3. #362
    I have read the very interesting issue being raised by learned authors namely Burbak sahib and Kharb sahib on five places as supposed to have been demand by Pandavas from Kauravas as price of peace and truce.
    Since epic Mahabharat itself as known to us today is a growth of tradition over centuries of years, no definite conclusion should be drawn on isolated narratives here and there before supporting evidence is gathered. Since we are dealing with the event that goes back to pre or proto historic antiquity, it is very difficult to collect facts of the case, so tentative surmises or hypothesis could best be made which in the light of newer information either could be accepted or rejected.
    In present state of our knowledge of the topic under discussion, it needs further exploration.Thanks.
    History is best when created, better when re-constructed and worst when invented.

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  5. #363
    Variants of name Bagpat

    Vrikaprastha
    (वृकप्रस्थ) - Mahipal Arya, Jat Jyoti, August 2013,p. 15 writes There are many versions of the story as to how the city derived it’s name. It is said to get name from ancient Vrikaprastha.



    Vrikasthala
    (वृकस्थल) - mentioned in Mahabharata (V.31.19), (V.82.20), (one of five villages demanded by Pandavas).

    Vrika is a variant of Virk, the ancient Jat clan. Virk is very ancient clan known to Panini in the form of Vrika. V. S. Agrawala mentions the names of Ayudhjivi Sanghas in the Panini's Ashtadhyayi Sutras which include Vṛika (V.3.115). Their Country was Varkania or Hyrcania called Gurgan in modern Persian. (V. S. Agrawala: India as Known to Panini, 1953, p.443-444)

    Vyaghraprastha
    (व्याघ्रप्रस्थ) - The city was originally known as ‘Vyaghraprastha’ - Land of Tigers (because of the population of tigers found many centuries ago. One version states that the city’s original name was ‘Vyaghraprasth’, while according to another version, the city has derived its name from the Hindi word ‘Vakyaprasth’, which means place of delivering speeches. Inspired by such words and versions, the city was finally named ‘Baghpat’ or ‘Bagpat’ during the Mughal Era.
    Last edited by lrburdak; June 18th, 2018 at 12:49 PM.
    Laxman Burdak

  6. #364
    V. S. Agrawala writes that Panini mentions in category of villages ending prastha. In Pali text Prastha denotes a place outside the grama, a waste land not used by men either for ploughing or sowing. It may be noted that places ending with the Prastha (Hindi=pat) are confined mostly to Kuru Country, such as Panipat, Sonipat, Baghpat, Tilpat etc. and to the region of Himalayas watered by Ganges. (V. S. Agrawala: India as Known to Panini, 1953, p.67)
    Laxman Burdak

  7. #365
    Kusasthali (कुशस्थली) or Kushasthali was the ancient name of Dwarka in Gujarat

    Some historians opine that the Kushasthali was after a daitya named Kusha who was known here as Kusheshwara Mahadeva. [1]

    Anarta's son Revata built a town called Kusasthali in the midst of the sea and from that town ruled Anarta and other lands.
    According to the Puranic accounts, this region was ruled by the Sharyata dynasty rulers, who claimed their descent from Sharyati, a son of Vaivasvata Manu. The kingdom was named after Anarta, the son of Sharyati. The capital of this kingdom was Kushasthali (the ancient name of Dwaraka). The last ruler of this dyansty was Kakudmi. After him, it was occupied by the Punyajana Rakshasas.[2] Later, the Yadavas migrated to this region under the leadership of Krishna.[3]



    References -

    1. Divya Dwarka, Publisher: Dandi Swami Shri Sadanand Saraswati Ji, Secretary of Shri Dwarkadheesh Sanskrit Academy and Indological Research, Dwarka, Gujarat,p.10

    2.Pargiter, F.E. (1922, reprint 1972). Ancient Indian Historical Tradition, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, p.98

    3.Pargiter, F.E. (1922, reprint 1972). Ancient Indian Historical Tradition, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, p.282


    Laxman Burdak

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  9. #366
    कुशस्थली द्वारका का ही प्राचीन

    विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर[4] लिखते हैं कि कुशस्थली द्वारका का ही प्राचीन नाम है। पौराणिक कथाओं के अनुसार महाराजा रैवतक के कुश बिछाकर यज्ञ करने के कारण इसका नाम कुशस्थली नाम पड़ा। पीछे त्रिविक्रम भगवान् कुश नामक दानव का वध भी यहीं किया था। त्रिविक्रम का मंदिर भी द्वारका में रणछोड़ जी के मंदिर के पास है। ऐसा जान पड़ता है कि महाराज रैवतक (बलराम की पत्नी रेवती के पिता) ने प्रथम बार, समुद्र में से कुछ भूमि बाहर निकलकर यह नगरी बसाई थी। हरिवंश पुराण (1.1.4) के अनुसार कुशस्थली उस प्रदेश का नाम था जहाँ यादवों ने द्वारका बसाई थी। विष्णु पुराण के अनुसार, आनर्तस्यापि रेवतनामा पुत्रोजज्ञे योऽसावानर्त विषयं बुभुजे पुरीं च कुशस्थली मध्युवास अर्थात आनर्त के रेवत नामक पुत्र हुआ जिसने कुशस्थली नामक पुरी में रहकर आनर्त विषय पर राज्य किया। एक प्राचीन किंवदंती में द्वारका का सम्बन्ध पुण्यजनों से बताया गया है। ये पुण्यजन वैदिक पाणिक या पणि हो सकते हैं। अनेक विद्वानों का मत है कि ये प्राचीन ग्रीस के फिनिशियनों का ही भारतीय नाम है। ये अपने को कुश की सन्तान मानते थे। (वेडल: मेकर्स ऑफ़ सिविलाइजेशन पृ.80) हमारा मत है कि ये पूनिया जाट ही थे।

    Ref - 4. Aitihasik Sthanavali,p. 272
    Last edited by lrburdak; June 18th, 2018 at 01:09 PM.
    Laxman Burdak

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  11. #367

    कुशेश्वर महादेव मंदिर

    कुशेश्वर महादेव मंदिर - द्वारकाधीश जी के मंदिर परिसर में कुल बीस मंदिर हैं. मोक्षद्वार से प्रवेश करने पर दाहिने और नवग्रह देवता के यंत्र और समीप कुशेश्वर महादेव शिवलिंग विराजमान है। कहा जाता है कि द्वारका की यात्रा के आधे भाग का मालिक कुशेश्वर महादेव है। एक मत के अनुसार कुश नामक दैत्य के नाम से कुशस्थली नाम पड़ा है,जिन्हें यहाँ कुशेश्वर महादेव नाम से जाना जाता है। यहाँ यह उल्लेखनीय है कि कस्वां और कुश जैसे दोनों गोत्र अब भी भी जाटों में विद्यमान हैं। कुशस्थली नगरी कुश अथवा कस्वां गोत्र के जाटों द्वारा बसाई गयी थी। कृष्ण द्वारा राज्य अधिग्रहण करने के कारण ये वहाँ से चलकर राजस्थान और हरयाणा में आ गए। ठाकुर देशराज[5] लिखते हैं कि आरम्भ में कस्वां सिन्ध में राज्य करते थे। ईसा की चौथी सदी से पहले जांगल-प्रदेश में आबाद हुए थे। इनके अधिकार में लगभग चार सौ गांव थे। सीधमुख राजधानी थी। राठौरों से जिस समय युद्ध हुआ, उसय समय कंवरपाल नामी सरदार इनका राजा था। इस वंश के लोग धैर्य के साथ लड़ने में बहुत प्रसिद्ध थे। कहा जाता है दो हजार ऊंट और पांच सौ सवार इनके प्रतिक्षण शत्रु से मुकाबला करने के लिए तैयार रहते थे। यह कुल सेना राजधानी में तैयार न रहती थी। वे उत्तम कृषिकार और श्रेष्ठ सैनिक समझे जाते थे। राज्य उनका भरा-पूरा था। प्रजा पर कोई अत्याचार न था। सत्रहवीं शताब्दी में इनका भी राज राठौंरों द्वारा अपहरण कर लिया गया। इनके पड़ौस में चाहर भी रहते थे। राजा का चुनाव होता था, ऐसा कहा जाता है। चाहरों की ओर से एक बार मालदेव नाम के उपराजा का भी चुनाव हुआ था।

    Ref - 5. जाट इतिहास:ठाकुर देशराज,पृष्ठ-620
    Laxman Burdak

  12. #368

    Kusthalapura

    Tej Ram Sharma [6] mentions:

    (7) Kusthalapura (कुस्थलपुर) (No. I, L. 20) : Kusthalapura ruled by Dhananjaya is mentioned as one of the Daksinapatha kingdoms subdued by Samudragupta. Smith takes it to be a mistake for Kusasthalapura, and identifies it with the holy city of Dwarka, the capital of Anartta, i. e. North Gujarat. Raj Bali Pandey also identifies it with Kusasthali (Dwarka). G. Ramdas locates the place in Gujarat following Smith. Monier Williams also identifies Kusasthala with the town of Dwarka. Bhandarkar, following Barnett identifies the place with Kuttalur near Polur in North Arcot.
    This Kusasthall is not situated in Gujarat but presumably on the eastern spurs of the Vindhya range near Daksinakosala. It was the capital of Kusha, son of Ramacandra. But its position in the list of the States of Daksinapatha indicates a place a little more to the south.

    By the process of Haplology, Kusasthalapura is simplified into Kusthalapura which may be changed to Kusasthali or Kusavati in short.


    The suffix sthala or sthali is significant : it suggests a high- lying country, an eminence, tableland, or dry-land as opposed to a damp low-land. The Mahabharata, Harivamsa, early Jain and Pali literature use the word in this sense. The Mahabharata mentions both Kusasthala as well as kusasthali. The latter is supposed to be another name of Dwarka.

    Ref - 6. Personal and geographical names in the Gupta inscriptions/Place-Names and their Suffixes,pp.230-231
    Laxman Burdak

  13. #369
    Quote Originally Posted by lrburdak View Post
    Variants of name Bagpat

    Vrikaprastha
    (वृकप्रस्थ) - Mahipal Arya, Jat Jyoti, August 2013,p. 15 writes There are many versions of the story as to how the city derived it’s name. It is said to get name from ancient Vrikaprastha.
    Vrika in Sanskrit mean Bhedia not Bagh or Vyaghr...so faulty assumption by Mahipal Arya



    Vrikasthala
    (वृकस्थल) - mentioned in Mahabharata (V.31.19), (V.82.20), (one of five villages demanded by Pandavas).

    Vrika is a variant of Virk, the ancient Jat clan. Virk is very ancient clan known to Panini in the form of Vrika. V. S. Agrawala mentions the names of Ayudhjivi Sanghas in the Panini's Ashtadhyayi Sutras which include Vṛika (V.3.115). Their Country was Varkania or Hyrcania called Gurgan in modern Persian. (V. S. Agrawala: India as Known to Panini, 1953, p.443-444)
    100% True and that is what I wrote in my earlier post.

    Vyaghraprastha
    (व्याघ्रप्रस्थ) - The city was originally known as ‘Vyaghraprastha’ - Land of Tigers (because of the population of tigers found many centuries ago. One version states that the city’s original name was ‘Vyaghraprasth’, while according to another version, the city has derived its name from the Hindi word ‘Vakyaprasth’, which means place of delivering speeches. Inspired by such words and versions, the city was finally named ‘Baghpat’ or ‘Bagpat’ during the Mughal Era.

    Point is name given in Mahabharata text is Virkasathala.....not Virkaparshtha or Vyagrprashtha....and Virkasathala as you observed is same that I told on southern side of Caspian sea .

    First and most important point is there is no mention of Panipat Sonipat Indarsprasth Tilpat or Vaygraparsth in Mahabharat text which you earlier mentioned
    Last edited by narenderkharb; June 19th, 2018 at 07:13 AM.

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  15. #370
    Quote Originally Posted by lrburdak View Post
    Tej Ram Sharma [6] mentions:

    (7) Kusthalapura (कुस्थलपुर) (No. I, L. 20) : Kusthalapura ruled by Dhananjaya is mentioned as one of the Daksinapatha kingdoms subdued by Samudragupta. Smith takes it to be a mistake for Kusasthalapura, and identifies it with the holy city of Dwarka, the capital of Anartta, i. e. North Gujarat. Raj Bali Pandey also identifies it with Kusasthali (Dwarka). G. Ramdas locates the place in Gujarat following Smith. Monier Williams also identifies Kusasthala with the town of Dwarka. Bhandarkar, following Barnett identifies the place with Kuttalur near Polur in North Arcot.
    This Kusasthall is not situated in Gujarat but presumably on the eastern spurs of the Vindhya range near Daksinakosala. It was the capital of Kusha, son of Ramacandra. But its position in the list of the States of Daksinapatha indicates a place a little more to the south.

    By the process of Haplology, Kusasthalapura is simplified into Kusthalapura which may be changed to Kusasthali or Kusavati in short.


    The suffix sthala or sthali is significant : it suggests a high- lying country, an eminence, tableland, or dry-land as opposed to a damp low-land. The Mahabharata, Harivamsa, early Jain and Pali literature use the word in this sense. The Mahabharata mentions both Kusasthala as well as kusasthali. The latter is supposed to be another name of Dwarka.

    Ref - 6. Personal and geographical names in the Gupta inscriptions/Place-Names and their Suffixes,pp.230-231
    So now you suggest that even Dwarka village too was asked by Pandavas ..in addition to Sonipat panipat Indarpat and tilpat...That makes it ^6 villages not five.

    No Kusasthala always stood for Xinjiang province in northwestern China historically there is hardly any doubt over that.

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  17. #371
    Quote Originally Posted by lrburdak View Post
    V. S. Agrawala writes that Panini mentions in category of villages ending prastha. In Pali text Prastha denotes a place outside the grama, a waste land not used by men either for ploughing or sowing. It may be noted that places ending with the Prastha (Hindi=pat) are confined mostly to Kuru Country, such as Panipat, Sonipat, Baghpat, Tilpat etc. and to the region of Himalayas watered by Ganges. (V. S. Agrawala: India as Known to Panini, 1953, p.67)
    Kuru Kingdom or even Kurukeshtra had never been in India ,even town Kurukshetra was earlier knowwn by Thanesar not Kurukshetra.

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  19. #372
    Quote Originally Posted by lrburdak View Post
    Tej Ram Sharma [6] mentions:

    (7) Kusthalapura (कुस्थलपुर) (No. I, L. 20) : Kusthalapura ruled by Dhananjaya is mentioned as one of the Daksinapatha kingdoms subdued by Samudragupta. Smith takes it to be a mistake for Kusasthalapura, and identifies it with the holy city of Dwarka, the capital of Anartta, i. e. North Gujarat. Raj Bali Pandey also identifies it with Kusasthali (Dwarka). G. Ramdas locates the place in Gujarat following Smith. Monier Williams also identifies Kusasthala with the town of Dwarka. Bhandarkar, following Barnett identifies the place with Kuttalur near Polur in North Arcot.
    This Kusasthall is not situated in Gujarat but presumably on the eastern spurs of the Vindhya range near Daksinakosala. It was the capital of Kusha, son of Ramacandra. But its position in the list of the States of Daksinapatha indicates a place a little more to the south.

    By the process of Haplology, Kusasthalapura is simplified into Kusthalapura which may be changed to Kusasthali or Kusavati in short.


    The suffix sthala or sthali is significant : it suggests a high- lying country, an eminence, tableland, or dry-land as opposed to a damp low-land. The Mahabharata, Harivamsa, early Jain and Pali literature use the word in this sense. The Mahabharata mentions both Kusasthala as well as kusasthali. The latter is supposed to be another name of Dwarka.

    Ref - 6. Personal and geographical names in the Gupta inscriptions/Place-Names and their Suffixes,pp.230-231
    Writer clearly mention it on Dakshinpatha that omits dwarka that is on eastern side.

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  21. #373
    Kharb Sahab your assumptions are based on the fact that Mahabharata War was fought in Central Asia. If we assume it to be true then why all places are found in India i.e.Bharatavarsha which itself has been defined in Mahabharata Epic. Bhisma Parva, Mahabharata/Book VI Chapter 10 describes geography and provinces of Bharatavarsha. It gives list of The Mountains, The Rivers, The Provinces and Other Kingdoms. How will you fit all these places in Central Asia. People can shift but not the Mountains and Rivers.
    Laxman Burdak

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  23. #374
    Quote Originally Posted by lrburdak View Post
    Kharb Sahab your assumptions are based on the fact that Mahabharata War was fought in Central Asia. If we assume it to be true then why all places are found in India i.e.Bharatavarsha which itself has been defined in Mahabharata Epic. Bhisma Parva, Mahabharata/Book VI Chapter 10 describes geography and provinces of Bharatavarsha. It gives list of The Mountains, The Rivers, The Provinces and Other Kingdoms. How will you fit all these places in Central Asia. People can shift but not the Mountains and Rivers.
    This a well known fact that Mahabharata has been expanded and rewritten many times from Jay Samita to bharata to Mahabharata ...a story that contained 10000 salokas changed to 100000 number epic.
    Even the mention of Hunas suggest interpolation as late as fifth century..
    We have with us a very twisted and one sided story...places presently in India are later interpolations that can easily be found as they don't fit perfectly ,for example just try to fit Kurukshetra Sarswati in India as per their discription in texts.

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  25. #375
    Kurukshetra in Mahabharata

    Mahabharata mentions Kurukshetra (कुरुक्षेत्र) in verses (I.89.43), (1.94), as Tirtha in verse (III.81.1, 2, 92, 175,176,177,178), (V.158.11), (VIII.30.10),(IX.36.48)....

    Adi Parva, Mahabharata/Book I Chapter 89 mentions in verses (I.89.42-43)...."Samvarana begat upon his wife, Tapati, the daughter of Surya, a son named Kuru. This Kuru was exceedingly virtuous, and therefore, he was installed on the throne by his people. It is after his name that the field called Kuru Jangala has become so famous in the world. Devoted to asceticism, he made that field (Kurukshetra) sacred by practising asceticism there."

    Vana Parva, Mahabharata/Book III Chapter 81 mentions names of Tirthas (Pilgrims): Kurukshetra (कुरुक्षेत्र) is mentioned verses (III.81.1,2) as under.... "Pulastya said, 'One should next proceed, O king, to the adored Kurukshetra (कुरुक्षेत्र) (III.81.1) at sight of which all creatures are freed from their sins. He is freed from all sins who constantly sayeth, 'I will live in Kurukshetra.' The very dust of Kurukshetra, conveyed by the wind, leadeth a sinful man to a blessed course (in after-life). They that dwell in Kurukshetra which lieth to the south of the Saraswati and the north of the Drishadwati, are said to dwell in heaven."

    Verse (III.81.92) states ......O son of the Kuru race, one should next repair to Naimishakunja (नैमिष कुञ्ज) (III.81.92). O king, the Rishis engaged in ascetic austerities in the woods of Naimisha had, in days of old, taking the vow of pilgrimage, gone to Kurukshetra. There, on the banks of the Saraswati, O chief of the Bharatas, a grove was made, which might serve for a resting spot for themselves....

    Vana Parva, Mahabharata/Book III Chapter 81 explains the importance of Prithudaka in verses (III.81.122-29)...."One should next proceed, O king, to the tirtha celebrated over the three worlds, which is called Prithudaka (पृथूदक) (III.81.122), belonging to Kartikeya. One should bathe there and occupy oneself in the worship of the Pitris and the gods. Whatever evil hath been committed, knowingly or unknowingly, by man or woman, impelled by human motives, is all destroyed, O Bharata, by a bath in that tirtha. Bathing there one obtaineth, too, the merit of the horse-sacrifice and heaven also. The learned have said that Kurukshetra is holy; that holier than Kurukshetra is the Saraswati; that holier than the Saraswati are all the tirthas together, and that holier than all the tirthas together is Prithudaka. He that engaged in the recitation of prayers casteth off his body at Prithudaka, which is the best of all tirthas, becometh an immortal. It hath been sung by Sanatkumara and by the high-souled Vyasa, and it is in the Vedas also, that one should, O king, go to Prithudaka, with subdued soul. O son of Kuru race, there is no tirtha which is superior to Prithudaka. Without doubt, that tirtha is purifying, holy and sin-destroying."


    That which lieth between Tarantuka (तरन्तुक) (III.81.178) and Arantuka (अरन्तुक) (III.81.178) and the lakes of Ramahrada (रामह्रदा) (III.81.178) and Machakruka (मचक्रुक) (III.81.178) is Kurukshetra. It is also called Samantapanchaka (समन्तपञ्चक) (III.81.178) and is said to be the northern sacrificial altar of the Grandsire.


    Udyoga Parva/Mahabharata Book V Chapter 158 mentions in verse (V.158.11)....The field of Kurukshetra also is without mire. The roads are even. Thy steeds are well-fed.

    Karna Parva/Mahabharata Book VIII Chapter 30 mentions ...."One should always avoid the Vahikas, those impure people that are out of the pale of virtue, and that live away from the Himavat and the Ganga River and Sarasvati and Yamuna and Kurukshetra and the Sindhu and its five tributary rivers."

    Identification

    Kuru Jangala (कुरुजाङ्गल) was kingdom of the Mahabharata period ruled by the Pandava king, Yudhisthira. It was located between the Saraswati and Yamuna rivers, and forms the majority of what is now the modern state of Haryana. Indraprastha, now Delhi, was its capital.

    Kurukshetra - which lies to the south of the Saraswati and the north of the Drishadwati.


    Saraswati - According to later Vedic literature, particularly according to one view of interpretation of the data of Puranas, "the Saraswati emerges from the Shivalik range of Himalyan mountains on the plains. Now it is claimed that it emerged in plains at Adi Badri in district Yamunanagar in Haryana."

    Drishadwati - The Drsadvati River has been identified by Oldham with the Chautang River.Talageri (2000) identifies it with the Hariyupiya river and the Yavyavati river. While Saraswati had flown from north to south during Rig Vedic period, the Drishadwati had flown from south to North in Aravalies from pot of Lord Brahma, Pushkar Lake, near Ajmer, to Nangal Chaudhery in South Haryana and took a left turn to reach Satnali to meet Saraswati coming from North to move to Didwana Lake and further south. After major seismic activities in Aravallies, mentioned by several geologists, 6-7000BCE, Drishadwati river changed its route and from Nangal Chaudhery,instead of moving towards east it took a route to north which is the present Sahibi river route, passing through Kot Kasim in Alwar district, Rewari district, Jhajjar district, Rohtak district and finally in to Delhi in Yamuna river. Saraswati river also changed its route and instead of moving towards south, took a westernly turn in districts of Panipat and Sonepat in Haryana where we find Harrapan settlements now.


    Prithudaka (पृथूदक) - It is Pehoa (पेहोवा), an ancient pilgrim centre. It is a tahsil headquarters of Pehowa in Kurukshetra District in Haryana.

    It is to be noted that all these Rivers and places mentioned in Mahabharata are associated with Haryana. I do not understand when we have such strong evidences of their presence in Haryana, not only in present times but in also inantiquity, why we are bent upon to shift them to Central Asia?
    Last edited by lrburdak; June 22nd, 2018 at 12:39 PM.
    Laxman Burdak

  26. The Following User Says Thank You to lrburdak For This Useful Post:

    DrRajpalSingh (June 25th, 2018)

  27. #376

    Cool

    Quote Originally Posted by lrburdak View Post
    Saraswati - According to later Vedic literature, particularly according to one view of interpretation of the data of Puranas, "the Saraswati emerges from the Shivalik range of Himalyan mountains on the plains. Now it is claimed that it emerged in plains at Adi Badri in district Yamunanagar in Haryana.
    Ye to Address Changed query ho gayi, Sir. Documentation required!

  28. The Following User Says Thank You to neel6318 For This Useful Post:

    DrRajpalSingh (June 25th, 2018)

  29. #377
    Neelamji Rivers keep on changing routes over a period of time. Nothing to worry about.
    Laxman Burdak

  30. The Following 2 Users Say Thank You to lrburdak For This Useful Post:

    DrRajpalSingh (June 25th, 2018), neel6318 (June 23rd, 2018)

  31. #378
    The Mahābhārata (महाभारत) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa.The epic is part of the Bharatiya itihāsa, literally "that which happened", which includes the Ramayana but not the Purāṇas. We can not reject it without going it into details. It is interesting to note from the history point of view that Janapadas mentioned in it also find place in Ashtadhyayi of Panini. For those who are serious in history must read it. For our research on clans I am compiling propernames appearing in it under the following title on Jatland Wiki.

    https://www.jatland.com/home/Mahabharata_people_and_places

    Names are given in English along with sanskrit followed by verse in the epics. We have put Here (C) = City, (D) = Desha (Country), (F) = Forest, (L) = Lady name, (M) = Mountain, (N) = Nagavanshi King, (P) = Pond/Lake, (R) = River, (Ri) - Rishi, (S) = Spot, (T) =Tirtha (Pilgrim) , (W) = Weapon name, after each entry for further classification.

    It is to be pointed out that this List is being imported from here by many websites.
    Last edited by lrburdak; July 7th, 2018 at 10:55 AM.
    Laxman Burdak

  32. #379
    Zetland later named Shetland (Scots: Shetlan), also called the Shetland Islands, is a subarctic archipelago of Scotland that lies northeast of Great Britain.

    Read more at https://www.jatland.com/home/Zetland
    Laxman Burdak

  33. #380
    Isle of Man is a self-governing British Crown dependency, an island in the Irish Sea between Great Britain and Ireland. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann and is represented by a Lieutenant Governor. Defence is the responsibility of the United Kingdom

    Read more at https://www.jatland.com/home/Isle_of_Man
    Laxman Burdak

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