Literary References on word 'Jat' in Sources of History -- Reintrepreted

[drssrana2003]

Toramana was defeated by the Indian Emperor Bhanugupta of the Gupta Empire in 510 A.D.[Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates by S. B. Bhattacherje A15],[The Classical Age by R.K. Pruthi p.262]

According to the Risthal Inscription of Prakashadharman, a 515 AD stone-slab inscription, discovered in 1983, the Aulikara king Prakashadharma of Malwa defeated him. (Ojha, N.K. (2001). The Aulikaras of Central India: History and Inscriptions, Chandigarh: Arun Publishing House, ISBN 81-85212-78-3, pp.48-50)

Text of Eran inscription of Bhanugupta 510 AD

सती प्रथा का प्रथम अभिलेखीय प्रमाण गुप्तकाल में मिलता है. 510 ई. के एक लेख से पता चलता है कि गुप्त नरेश भानुगुप्त का सामन्त गोपराज हूणों के विरुद्ध युद्ध करता हुआ मारा गया और उसकी पत्नी उसके शव के साथ सती हो गई थी।

श्री भानुगुप्तो जगति प्रवीरो, राजा महान्पार्थसमोडति शूरः।
तेनाथ सार्द्धन्त्विह गोपराजो, मित्रानुगत्येन किलानुयातःड्ड
कृत्वा च युद्ध सुमहत्प्रकाशं, स्वर्ग गतो दिव्य नरेन्द्रकल्पःड्ड
भक्तानुरक्ता च प्रिया च कान्ता, भार्यावलग्नानुगताग्निराशिम्ड्ड (ऐरण अभिलेख)

In this inscription Bhanu Gupta is described as ruling and as the bravest man on the earth. Bhanu Gupta's, subordinate ruler was Gopa-raja who fought for Bhanu-Gupta against Hunas and died on the battle-field of Eran. His wife became the Sati in 510 AD.

Note -You can see more information on Jatland at Eran

Laxnan Ji,
The full text of the inscription is before me. Nowhere it mentions the battle was against the Huna king Toramaana. Leave alone defeat of Toramaana,the tone and tenor of the record almost concedes the victory over the Gupta sovereignBhanugupta who himself led the army. His commander goparaj (a samanta Raja, son of former Samanta Raja Madhava) was killed in the battle. His wife as you have pointed out commited Sati.
The Eran Boar Inscription of first Regnal year of Toramaana read in relation to Eran Inscription of Budhagupta's time(gupta year 165=485 A.D. and the Risthal inscription (krit572=515 A.D.) point to the plausibility of the shifting of fortunes of Eran from Gupta hands to those of the Huna king Toramaana in 510 A.D. We have no other time space for the Hun as in this region in this time frame.It is different matter that change of sovereign might not have happened immediately after the outcome. This is how the professional historians have interpreted the event.





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[drssrana2003]

Recently a lady researcher did some research procuring many copies chandragomin from Nepal where word is Jarto.I am searching her thesis which is on net we can search and put her work also.

So when the proposer himself stand corrected why are we following other who themselves are clear about their doubts?


Answer lies in our anxiety to find who he was ......Sakandgupta???yashodharma????or some one else???
My suggestion is leave it for time being and focus only on the available evidences and findings..

That he was some Jarta not gupto or Japto etc...

We can move forward from here.

eeSplended, Narendra Ji, I agree. We should move fprward.

[DrRajpalSingh]

Toramana was defeated by the Indian Emperor Bhanugupta of the Gupta Empire in 510 A.D.[Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates by S. B. Bhattacherje A15],[The Classical Age by R.K. Pruthi p.262]

According to the Risthal Inscription of Prakashadharman, a 515 AD stone-slab inscription, discovered in 1983, the Aulikara king Prakashadharma of Malwa defeated him. (Ojha, N.K. (2001). The Aulikaras of Central India: History and Inscriptions, Chandigarh: Arun Publishing House, ISBN 81-85212-78-3, pp.48-50)

Text of Eran inscription of Bhanugupta 510 AD
सती प्रथा का प्रथम अभिलेखीय प्रमाण गुप्तकाल में मिलता है. 510 ई. के एक लेख से पता चलता है कि गुप्त नरेश भानुगुप्त का सामन्त गोपराज हूणों के विरुद्ध युद्ध करता हुआ मारा गया और उसकी पत्नी उसके शव के साथ सती हो गई थी।

श्री भानुगुप्तो जगति प्रवीरो, राजा महान्पार्थसमोडति शूरः।
तेनाथ सार्द्धन्त्विह गोपराजो, मित्रानुगत्येन किलानुयातःड्ड
कृत्वा च युद्ध सुमहत्प्रकाशं, स्वर्ग गतो दिव्य नरेन्द्रकल्पःड्ड
भक्तानुरक्ता च प्रिया च कान्ता, भार्यावलग्नानुगताग्निराशिम्ड्ड (ऐरण अभिलेख)

In this inscription Bhanu Gupta is described as ruling and as the bravest man on the earth. Bhanu Gupta's, subordinate ruler was Gopa-raja who fought for Bhanu-Gupta against Hunas and died on the battle-field of Eran. His wife became the Sati in 510 AD.
Note -You can see more information on Jatland at Eran

Since the quoted text from the Eran Inscription contains no information on the name of the enemy one cannot make out how it can be related with Torman Huna !


Another inscription with the names of both the leaders of invading and defending forces is: http://www.jatland.com/home/Risthal%...rakashadharman

But in the long narration of events, the mention of defeat of Torman Huna appears at lines 16 and 17. It appears to have been inflicted earlier to the date given on the Inscription. How earlier, has to be found out. Read relevant lines :
· (V. 16) By him, who had established himself in the kingdom of the Huna ruler through his foot-stool being flooded with the brightness of the gems of the kingly crown of the king Toramana, the word addhiraja was rendered false in the battle.
· (V. 17) He (Le. Prakasadharmma) presented to the asectics shining Bhadrasanas made of the long-ivory tusks of the rutting elephants of the vanquished king which had been felled with large arrows on the battle-field.

This clearly shows that Tormana had led more than one invasions on Malawa and had succeeded in establishing his hold on the region around Risthal which was re-conquered by the hero described in the Inscription.

Instead of solving the puzzle, this inscription has added another dimension to research under progress.

The investigation of the date/s of his earlier invasions on India [as recorded in Eran Inscription and other sources] could, perhaps, give clue to the puzzle based on Chandra Gomin phrase being discussed to progress in right direction. Hence need of more information !

Kindly join hands to solve this very important riddle in the History of India of 5th/6th Century AD in general and the fate of the efforts aimed at reconstruction of Jat history in particular!

[narenderkharb]

We have on Jatland Wiki entire book here - An Imperial History Of India:

I quote from the book pp52-53

A great famine and invasion made the Eastern Provinces distracted, terrorised and demoralised.

In that country, undoubtedly, (then) there will be a king a great king of (An Imperial History Of India: End of page 52)

Mathura Jata (जाट) (Jat = जाट) family, born of a Vaisali (वैशाली) lady (T.), originally Vaisya . He became the king of the Magadhas (758-60).

महादुर्भिक्षसंपातं परचक्रसमाकुलम् ।
प्राच्या जनपदा व्यस्ता उत्रस्ता गतमानसा ।।758।।

भविष्यन्ति न संदेह: तस्मिं देशे नराधिपा: ।
मधुरायां जातवंशाढ्य: वणिक सूर्वी नृपो वर: ।।759।।

सोअपि पूजितमूर्तिस्तु मागधानां नृपो भवेत (T.463b)
तस्याप्यनुजो भकाराख्य प्राचीं दिशि समाश्टत: ।।760।।

तस्यापि सुत: पकाराख्य: प्राग्देशेष्वेव जायत: ।
क्षत्रिय: अग्रणी प्रोक्त: बालबंधानुचारिण: ।।761।।

Owing to the name Gupta the dynasty has been considered by the author as Vaisya originally. But the author is careful to note the fact in the next verse that they were described before him (prokta) as leading Kshatriyas (kshatriyah agrani) (क्षत्रियः अग्रणी) (761).

The invasion mentioned above refers to the Kota vs. Gupta fights for two generations.

It is to be marked that although the king is not named, he is described as the son of the Vaisali Lady in the Tibetan text. He is said to have been a Mathura-Jata (जाट) (Sanskrit- Jata-vamsa जाट-वंस) . Jata-vam'sa, that is, Jata Dynasty stands for Jarta, that is, Jat. That the Guptas were Jat, we already have good reasons to hold (JBORS, XIX. p. 115). His Vaisali mother is the Lichchhavi lady. Evidently the ancestors of Samudra Gupta, according to this datum, once belonged to Mathura. (An Imperial History Of India: p. 53)

My Note: We have to take into consideration the linguistic variations. In a country where there is no hard 't'(ट) we are left with no choice other than using soft 't' (त). So the Jat (जाट) being called Jat/Jut(जात)/(जत). जत becomes जर्त as Gujar (गुजर) becomes (गुर्जर) in Sanskrit.

Thanks Laxman ji for providing original text in devnagari from KP Jaiswal book.

I rquest Dr Rana ji to give an idea about the real meaning of these lines from AMSMK which formed the basis of Jaiswal assertion that Gupta were Jat Kings.

भविष्यन्ति न संदेह: तस्मिं देशे नराधिपा: ।
मधुरायां जातवंशाढ्य: वणिक सूर्वी नृपो वर: ।।759।।

[drssrana2003]

Vast amount of information is available which the professional historians have utilised and a perspective presented on the followinginformationFirst in chronology is the reference to the incursion against the Guptas by the Hunas given in the Bhitari Pillar Inscription of Skanda Gupta. The Inscription leaves little doubt about the out come. Skanda Gupta rose to the occasion and suicceeded inwarding off the danger at least for some time. The record unfortunately undated. Other records relevant to the issue are given below:

A.1.An Inscription ,on a pillar at Eran bearing Gupta year 165 (=484/85 A.D.) as its date mentions Budhagupta as the ruling sovereign;

(2) Surashmichandra as his feudatory ruling over the territory between Kalindi (the Yamuna) and the Narmada;

(3) two brothers,namely Matrivishnu and dhanyavishnu as local samantas raising a Flaf-staf (dhvajastambha) of Janardana(Vishnu).

B. 1.Again at Eran undated, but bearing Regnal year 1. describes Toramaana as the ruling sovereign of the Prithivi and the tittle is maharaajaadhiraaj

2. There is no mention of thr etrstwhile feudatory Surashmichandra or any one else.

3. Of the two brothers at A.3 above, the elder Dhanyavtshnu had died (no date given). The younger Dhanyavishnu was the local samanta.constructed a temple of Varaha
Vishnu)
C. 1.Yet another inscription at Eran, dated gupta year 191 (=510 A.D.) of the reign of Bhanugupta mentions the martyrdom of a commanderGoparaja in a battle against
(unnamed enemy). The Inscription also mentions the Sati act commited by the latte'rs wife.Circumstantial evidence has led to an agreed speculation among

historians about the enemy being non other than the Hunas under Toramaana.

D. 1.There is an undated Inscription found on the wall of the Sun temple at Gwalior fort. The temple was built by one Matricheta.

2. The Inscription introduces Toramaana as a powerful king and his equally distinguished son Mihirakula.

3. It is undated. However, the Regnal year of Mihirakula is given as 15 th.

E. 1.There is the famous Undated Mandasaur Pillar Inscriptiontion of Yashodharman which informs us about (a) Mihira kula bending his head at thne former's feet in
subjugation and (b) Extent of the kingdom of Yashodharman was more than that held inter alia by the Hunas.

2. The Stone Inscription of Yashdharman found at same Mandasaur gives his date as Malava Samvat 589=532 A.D.

F. 1. The Risthal (not very far from Mandasaur say 30 K.M.) Inscription of Prakaashadharman, the father? of Yashodharman is dated Malava Samvat 572 (=515 A.D.).

2. Prakashadharman had given the Hunas headed by Toramana, a decisive defeat to the extant that Toramaan's title of an Adhiraja was falsified. The surrender scene
in both the Inscriptions namely that of Yashodharman and that of Prakaashadharman is quite similar.;We can speculate as some scholars have done:

(a)Both the records have been composed by the same poet, Vasujla son of Kakka and engrav ed by again the same person i.e. Govinda.

(b) The father son duo(Prakaashadharman and Yashodharma in one same event forced the surrender on another father son duo (Toramaana and Mihirakula,leaving it for the family court poet Vaasula to handle it the way he did.

[DrRajpalSingh]

Vast amount of information is available which the professional historians have utilised and a perspective presented on the followinginformationFirst in chronology is the reference to the incursion against the Guptas by the Hunas given in the Bhitari Pillar Inscription of Skanda Gupta. The Inscription leaves little doubt about the out come. Skanda Gupta rose to the occasion and suicceeded inwarding off the danger at least for some time. The record unfortunately undated. Other records relevant to the issue are given below:

A.1.An Inscription ,on a pillar at Eran bearing Gupta year 165 (=484/85 A.D.) as its date mentions Budhagupta as the ruling sovereign;

(2) Surashmichandra as his feudatory ruling over the territory between Kalindi (the Yamuna) and the Narmada;

(3) two brothers,namely Matrivishnu and dhanyavishnu as local samantas raising a Flaf-staf (dhvajastambha) of Janardana(Vishnu).

B. 1.Again at Eran undated, but bearing Regnal year 1. describes Toramaana as the ruling sovereign of the Prithivi and the tittle is maharaajaadhiraaj

2. There is no mention of thr etrstwhile feudatory Surashmichandra or any one else.

3. Of the two brothers at A.3 above, the elder Dhanyavtshnu had died (no date given). The younger Dhanyavishnu was the local samanta.constructed a temple of Varaha
Vishnu)
C. 1.Yet another inscription at Eran, dated gupta year 191 (=510 A.D.) of the reign of Bhanugupta mentions the martyrdom of a commanderGoparaja in a battle against
(unnamed enemy). The Inscription also mentions the Sati act commited by the latte'rs wife.Circumstantial evidence has led to an agreed speculation among

historians about the enemy being non other than the Hunas under Toramaana.

D. 1.There is an undated Inscription found on the wall of the Sun temple at Gwalior fort. The temple was built by one Matricheta.

2. The Inscription introduces Toramaana as a powerful king and his equally distinguished son Mihirakula.

3. It is undated. However, the Regnal year of Mihirakula is given as 15 th.

E. 1.There is the famous Undated Mandasaur Pillar Inscriptiontion of Yashodharman which informs us about (a) Mihira kula bending his head at thne former's feet in
subjugation and (b) Extent of the kingdom of Yashodharman was more than that held inter alia by the Hunas.

2. The Stone Inscription of Yashdharman found at same Mandasaur gives his date as Malava Samvat 589=532 A.D.

F. 1. The Risthal (not very far from Mandasaur say 30 K.M.) Inscription of Prakaashadharman, the father? of Yashodharman is dated Malava Samvat 572 (=515 A.D.).

2. Prakashadharman had given the Hunas headed by Toramana, a decisive defeat to the extant that Toramaan's title of an Adhiraja was falsified. The surrender scene
in both the Inscriptions namely that of Yashodharman and that of Prakaashadharman is quite similar.;We can speculate as some scholars have done:

(a)Both the records have been composed by the same poet, Vasujla son of Kakka and engrav ed by again the same person i.e. Govinda.

(b) The father son duo(Prakaashadharman and Yashodharma in one same event forced the surrender on another father son duo (Toramaana and Mihirakula,leaving it for the family court poet Vaasula to handle it the way he did.

Thanks for providing detailed note on check by Indian rulers on the Hunas exploits and adventures.

[DrRajpalSingh]

Narendra Ji,
Thanks for asking for a focussed discussion on one issue.
At the out set I would like to repeat here my stand briefly.
1. There are two separate versions of Chandragomin'srelevant text text-(a) ajayajjarto hunaan itiand (b) ajayad gupto hunaan iti.

2. Personally I prefer the later.Reasons can be given when necessary....................

I have only examined what has been proposed by some inquiring friends and writers.

In any case I would leave it with the remark that jarta was some one who defeated the Hunas.

But need not find him out. As I stated in the very beginning that I prefer the second version. So, if I can not prove that Jarta becomes jaata I must choose my option which makes thing simple and plausible.

The version which includes 'gupta' stands in the face of known facts of history. ........

Dr. Rana Sahib,

You have beautifully analysed the second version which includes 'gupta' seemed to you simple and plausible. And also have said that :"In any case I would leave it with the remark that jarta was some one who defeated the Hunas."



Now it is for all the participants to make concerted effort to find out 'Jarta, the person or group of persons referred to in the first Text of the celebrated grammarian under discussion.


Thanks

[DrRajpalSingh]

Regarding Chandragomin a sentence has come to notice that reads :

''Vasurata, the preceptor of Bhartrihaari, who is said to have passed away about A.D. 650 acknowledged Chandraacharya as his master.''

This brings Chandergomins timeline around the end of 6th century or beginning of 7th century AD.

If some reliance may be put on the validity of this sentence, in all probability, the celebrated Grammarian's both the statements/versions viz. (a) ajayajjarto hunaan itiand (b) ajayad gupto hunaan iti., in all probability could be applied to illustrate two separate historic defeats of the Hunas at different points of time viz first at the hands of Skandgupta during the reign of his father Kumargupta and second time during the ruling time of Narsimhagupta.

[lrburdak]

"Ajayat Jarto Huṇān" (अजयत जर्तो हूणान्)

This sentence of Chandragomin refers to the defeat of Huns by two Jats.

Let us try to translate this sentence using Sanskrat practice. Assuming that जर्त = जर्ट = जट

Ajayat (अजयत) = defeated = हराया (भूतकाल)

Jarto (जर्तो/जर्टो)= two Jartas = दो जटो ने (प्रथमा विभक्ति द्विवचन)

Hunan (हूणान्) = Huns = हूणों को (द्वितीया विभक्ति बहुवचन)

प्रथमा विभक्ति = कर्ता (ने)

द्वितीया विभक्ति = कर्म (को)


संस्कृत विभक्तियाँ

I give here 7 vibhaktis of word Rama (राम) for illustration.

रामः इत्यस्य शब्दस्य रुपाणि

एकवचनम् द्विवचनम् बहुवचनम्

प्रथमा विभक्तिः ..... रामः रामौ रामाः

सम्बोधनप्रथमा ....राम रामौ रामाः

द्वितीया विभक्तिः ..... रामम् रामौ रामान्

तृतीया विभक्तिः ..... रामेन रामाभ्याम् रामैः

चतुर्थी विभक्तिः ..... रामाय रामाभ्याम् रामेभ्यः

पञ्चमी विभक्तिः ..... रामात् रामाभ्याम् रामेभ्यः

षष्ठी विभक्तिः ..... रामस्य रामयोः रामानाम्

सप्तमी विभक्तिः ..... रामे रामयोः रामेषु

Two Vibhaktis used for translation are highlighted above.

Sandhi: Ajayat (अजयत) +Jarto (जर्तो) =Ajayajjarto (अजयज्जर्तो)

[lrburdak]

Who was Chandragomin

Chandragomin (Skt. Candragomin) was a renowned 7th century CE Indian Buddhist lay master and scholar who dressed in the white robes of the Yogic tradition and mastered the morality of the five precepts. He was born into a Kshatriya family in the northern Varendra region which is now a part of Bangladesh.[Ray, Kanailal. "Chandragomi". Banglapedia]

He was most famous for his debate of Candrakīrti (600–c. 650), (चन्द्रकीर्ति) the Arya Tripitaka Master Shramana who was the Khenpo at Nalanda Mahāvihāra Monastery.

[drssrana2003]

Dr. Rajpal Ji, and other friends,

I have provided the available data.It is now incumbent upon us to alpply in the context of Chandra-gomin's text- 'ajayajjarto Hunaan iti' and try to find out the most plausible

name.Leaving such data alone and not to attempt its interpretation will be escapism, if I am permited to say.

[drssrana2003]

Vibhaktis in Sanskrit

Laxman Ji,

Permit me to point out that your rendering of the chandra-gomin text in the portion is not accurate. In stead of your recording -'ajaya' the correct form as given

by Chandra-gomin is 'ajayat'. It is the form in third person singular of the dhaatu 'Ji'( meaning to defeat )in Lang lakaara.

Secondly, forgive me for telling that your understanding of the term jarto (with soft 't' is misconstrued. I would do it for you- The independent self contained

term jartah(h here stands for viargas ':' ) in the prathamaa vibhakti in singula used in the kartaa kaaraka. when it is used in a sentence, sandhi takes place and

the final out come, after a phonetic process is jarto (with soft 't'). The Sanskrit language, bounded as it is by strict grammatical norms, does not countenance

any speculation in its morphology.

[narenderkharb]

Let us recapitulate what we have achieved so far.....

First we now know from Chanderagomin grammer reference ...
Word is Jarta/Jarto used for Jarta (King)
Second from various references since Jarta is used for Jats .Reference indicate defeat of Huna by Jat king.
This leads us to three evidences in support of Gupta Kings being from Jat racial background( If Yasodarma and others are ruled out).

I ..Chanderagomin text that hint defeater of Hunna(Sakandgupt,Baladitya...)was Jat
2..Arya manju shree mulkalpa evidence quoted by KP Jaiswal.
3..Dharan Gotra(Jat gotra) and their non vaisya background.....(they are called higher Kshtriya not vaisya in amsmk)
(Don't know any other group that has that much evidences in their support)

Regarding Chanderagomin since his time is reported from fifth to seventh century as per the references of Rajpal ji and Laxman ji we can not deny the possiblitiy of Yashodarma being a Jat too whom we left earlier because of difference in time period.

Though I have to admit that there is a doubt about Jaiswal tranlation as per my conversation with Rana Saheb .
We must continue our efforts to dig out more sources or reference regarding this.

[drssrana2003]

Regarding Chandragomin a sentence has come to notice that reads :

''Vasurata, the preceptor of Bhartrihaari, who is said to have passed away about A.D. 650 acknowledged Chandraacharya as his master.''

This brings Chandergomins timeline around the end of 6th century or beginning of 7th century AD.

If some reliance may be put on the validity of this sentence, in all probability, the celebrated Grammarian's both the statements/versions viz. (a) ajayajjarto hunaan itiand (b) ajayad gupto hunaan iti., in all probability could be applied to illustrate two separate historic defeats of the Hunas at different points of time viz first at the hands of Skandgupta during the reign of his father Kumaragupta and second time during the ruling time of Narsimhagupta.

Dr. Rajpal Ji,

1. We should not pick and choose. We must cite clear evidence to establish that Chandra-gomin was the same as Chandraacharya.Mere commonality of a part of any name
does not lead to identical person. You as historian know the phenomena of commonality of names of different persons. Within a dynasty we have this very common
feature. We have to identify them by using additional labels like I, II, III etc.

2. Your speculation that the celebrated grammarian had probably meant it both in case of 'Jarta' and 'Gupta' I am afraid, does not lead to a solution . The matter is simple.

Though Chandra-gomin's text may be debatable because of the unclear script, we should not impute that the grammarian himself was double minded or was referring
to two events at the same time.The term used is single . It is either jarta or Gupta. It is for researchers to determine its real form, either by direct evidence or through
circumstantial evidence.

[drssrana2003]

I am a little surprised about the speed and span of centuries that we are ready to imagine to simply accommodate some king whom we think was a jaat.Chandra Gomin was a famous grammarian ofSsanskrit.There is a heap of resources, talking, after serious research to determine his provenance in time.
Even if we do what we have predetermined, we have a problem. Before Yashodharman, his father, Prakaashadharman also is credited with the achievement of defeating the Hunaas. Then which one would be our 'jarta'? I would go with the suggestion made -" We must continue our efforts to dig out more sources or referenceregarding this (issue).

[narenderkharb]

Rana Saheb

Jatvansaadhya is a single word in above text ...

Does it give some hint regarding context of use of this word in above lines.

[DrRajpalSingh]

Dr. Rajpal Ji,

1. We should not pick and choose. We must cite clear evidence to establish that Chandra-gomin was the same as Chandraacharya.Mere commonality of a part of any name
does not lead to identical person. You as historian know the phenomena of commonality of names of different persons. Within a dynasty we have this very common
feature. We have to identify them by using additional labels like I, II, III etc.

2. Your speculation that the celebrated grammarian had probably meant it both in case of 'Jarta' and 'Gupta' I am afraid, does not lead to a solution . The matter is simple.

Though Chandra-gomin's text may be debatable because of the unclear script, we should not impute that the grammarian himself was double minded or was referring
to two events at the same time.The term used is single . It is either jarta or Gupta. It is for researchers to determine its real form, either by direct evidence or through
circumstantial evidence.

Thanks Dr. Rana Sahib for pointing out the fallacies which could impede our approach to reach the chosen destination.

[DrRajpalSingh]

Dr. Rajpal Ji, and other friends,

I have provided the available data.It is now incumbent upon us to apply in the context of Chandra-gomin's text- 'ajayajjarto Hunaan iti' and try to find out the most plausible name.Leaving such data alone and not to attempt its interpretation will be escapism, if I am permitted to say.

and

Let us recapitulate what we have achieved so far.....

First we now know from Chanderagomin grammer reference ...
Word is Jarta/Jarto used for Jarta (King)
Second from various references since Jarta is used for Jats .Reference indicate defeat of Huna by Jat king.
This leads us to three evidences in support of Gupta Kings being from Jat racial background( If Yasodarma and others are ruled out).

I ..Chanderagomin text that hint defeater of Hunna(Sakandgupt,Baladitya...)was Jat
2..Arya manju shree mulkalpa evidence quoted by KP Jaiswal.
3..Dharan Gotra(Jat gotra) and their non vaisya background.....(they are called higher Kshtriya not vaisya in amsmk)
(Don't know any other group that has that much evidences in their support)

Regarding Chanderagomin since his time is reported from fifth to seventh century as per the references of Rajpal ji and Laxman ji we can not deny the possiblitiy of Yashodarma being a Jat too whom we left earlier because of difference in time period.

Though I have to admit that there is a doubt about Jaiswal tranlation as per my conversation with Rana Saheb .
We must continue our efforts to dig out more sources or reference regarding this.

Friends,

It is a matter of satisfaction to share that the word Jat [ as a person or in other words, the people/community or race] in such a celebrated source of information.

Leaving aside other issues involved, as suggested in the quoted two posts by learned participants, now on-wards our efforts must be directed to find out this 'Jat' in the time line fixed by Chandragomin, the famous Grammarian.

Hope that willing cooperation of more and more participants will surely lead to another milestone in the search for Jat History not in too distant future !

[lrburdak]

Vibhaktis in Sanskrit

Laxman Ji,

Permit me to point out that your rendering of the chandra-gomin text in the portion is not accurate. In stead of your recording -'ajaya' the correct form as given

by Chandra-gomin is 'ajayat'. It is the form in third person singular of the dhaatu 'Ji'( meaning to defeat )in Lang lakaara.

Secondly, forgive me for telling that your understanding of the term jarto (with soft 't' is misconstrued. I would do it for you- The independent self contained

term jartah(h here stands for viargas ':' ) in the prathamaa vibhakti in singula used in the kartaa kaaraka. when it is used in a sentence, sandhi takes place and

the final out come, after a phonetic process is jarto (with soft 't'). The Sanskrit language, bounded as it is by strict grammatical norms, does not countenance

any speculation in its morphology.

Thanks Rana Saheb for your kind suggestions. I have corrected the verb part in the translation. For the better understanding and use of sanskrit for the readers on Jatland I have created a page here. I have given only basic things. You can add more content as you think fit.

See link on Jatland - [wiki]Sanskrit Language[/wiki]

[drssrana2003]

Narendra Ji,

I have yet to go to the origin al text .The limited part that you have quoted above would be constituted as below:
1. Jata (soft 't')+vansha+aadhya (hard 'd' )+Visargas (. indisputably, the whole is a compound word used as an adjective qualifying some one.But the possibility of variation in reading the term jata can not be ruled out, as the the next few terms do not together make things clear.I hav e yet to understand what the reading 'survo' means.
I am still struggling to access the full text of MMK.