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Thread: Rural under-development- An analysis

  1. #121
    Haryana chief minister Bhupinder Singh Hooda announced recently that the government will spend Rs 1200 crore for development of rural areas and that Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) will be allocated Rs250 crore this financial year. (Courtesy Facebook - Deepender Singh Hooda's wall). The link is pasted below.

    DNA: India - Rs1200 crore to be spent on development of rural areas: Bhupinder Hooda
    www.dnaindia.com

    It is hoped the money will percolate down to the villages and will actually be spent towards rural developments. The trend so far has been that more than 50% of the funds are misappropriated by the middlemen. Presume, Government would now feel the pulse of villagers correctly to diagnose the malaise.
    Last edited by singhvp; September 8th, 2010 at 09:19 PM.

  2. #122
    Quote Originally Posted by vpsingh View Post
    Haryana chief minister Bhupinder Singh Hooda announced...
    That's a good move on part of the Hooda goverment. However a lot has to be seen on how this money is to be spent. There is an urgent need to educate the office holders (where this money would go) about the basic, essential issues that are leading to a lot of human sufferings in rural areas.

    Most prominent in them is the health care, particularly women and infant health care. Haryana tops on the rural health facilities amongst the worst states. The sector needs a lot of will power on the government front and not a strong money power.
    Even the awareness about some very basic things can do wonders. For example, a one rupee chlorine tablet can protect against 70% of bacterial infections and save thousands of rupees in the long term. However, people are mostly ignorant about its use.
    Training staff, including sarpanchs on these issues, and then having a constant monitoring on the progress can go a long way towards reducing the sufferings of the rural folks.

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  4. #123
    Quote Originally Posted by akshaymalik84 View Post
    Well, I am not a suitable person to talk on rural development.
    I live in a metro with a busy life (khamkha ki busy life without any purpose). Never think of my village, though I visit my village once in 2-3 months. But it is to meets my elders, not to discuss the underdevelopment of my village.

    My village doesn’t have Concrete roads, desirable electricity, drinking water facilities, proper transport service, good educational institutes etc. etc. But I rarely think about these things. I would not go to village SARPANCH or file a RTI to get the information about the progress of proposed Rural development Programs like PMGSY, NREGA, and SGWY etc. etc. I don’t ask MLAs and MPs what they are doing with all that money and time. I don’t advise my fellow villager, I don’t teach their children. I don’t give a crap what they do, how they live. All I do is work in AC cabin, surf internet, have good time with friends & family and sleep. And next morning I read newspaper, magazine and criticize politicians, authorities for not doing what they are supposed to do. And start the next day just like the last one.

    I can argue/discuss on various aspects of development, I can gather whatever information from internet and paste it here. But what’s the benefit?

    A villager in past and an urban in present but doing nothing for villages and deteriorating the urban. I am an Indian and I am selfish.
    @Akshay: Why are you talking about me on this thread I see me in you. Tujhe mein Dhillon dikhta hai malik saab mein kya karun ...lol


    @ALL
    I am a late entrant to this thread and just started. Apologies to all other members, bear with me while I catch up, some of my post my be out of synch until I catch up.

    Inline with Akshay's thoughts, I too am wondering as to how qualified I am to post here.

    I can be disqualified on the basis of various things,
    - my limited physical connection with India (a country I left 16yrs ago and no longer retain citizenship of)
    - or my own jat villages (which I have visited may be 4 or 5 times max, no more than 2 hours in last 10years), or
    - on the basis that I consider myself more of a global citizen rather than Indian/Aussie/Singaporean/jat who has been heavily influenced by Indian+western+chinese/oriental cultures and more inline with gen-Y (though older than them) in terms of thinking, attitudes, likes, dislikes, attitude towards relationship/dating/marriage/race/sexual preferences/gays/lesbians, etc.
    - on the basis that this is neither an area of my formal academic studies nor my professional work experience

    Having established that I am no expert in this area, I will still post as i do read and I am quiet opinionated. If still interested in the views of an "opinionated non-expert", please read on but with the pinch of salt.

    I see this topic about rural development. I also see people arguing about . I am wondering the following:
    1. Some of today's rural people may become urbanites due to migration, some of rural (e.g. closer to NCR) or semi-rural centers may become urban in nature.
    "Are we better off discussing overall development of jat samaj and within that context focus on bridging the gap between rural-urban divide."

    2. I see members arguing (with excellent oratory and prose skills), but not agreeing, about what constitutes development, anecdotes about miserable conditions in villages to usage of ac and USB in villages.
    "Are we not better off agreeing to use some internationally accepted development index"
    e.g. UN and World Bank's Human Development Index (HDI) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Development_Index), various agencies including UN, GOI, WB, etc collect data on thes eindexes, easier to see historical trends in development.

    By establishing common definitions and baseline, we can discuss the topic itself rather than differing definitions and perceptions of development based on anecdotes and personal views <apologizes if thread has already resolved this, i will eventually catchup with you guys>.

    TBC <work-in-progess>
    -----------------------------------------------------
    I am still on the 2nd page of the thread, bear with me, I will keep updating this post as I go along..
    Last edited by vdhillon; December 2nd, 2010 at 12:44 AM.

  5. #124
    Quote Originally Posted by Samarkadian View Post
    Sir Brahm, Not an issue.



    Mr Singh, I would try to take it a bit further. Like you have started your incipient post with independence story. A generation or nearly a generation has passed since then.


    It is a kind of fashion among youth nowadays to blame Nehru/Gandhi with piquant and risible anecdotes for everything [read everything ] what we are countering presently . May be it helps in easing out our current social and economical responsblity arisen due to past inablity of leaders of that epoch. But for a moment, lets pause and reflect calmly that what was the vision held by other contemporary leaders of Nehru/Gandhi era.? Any Idea.? Any hint. Answer to this is that almost all of them had same vision about development. Any person born in that era would have thought the same things most likely. Lets suppose you are JL Nehru. What options had you had to put in to a naive nation's growth. Possibly, something which was going in the world and what was going in the world in those times.? Soviet Russia's Socialism Philosophy and USA's Capitalism. Right ? In 1947 , World had already witnessed WW2 and a great depression. So What would have prompted You as JL Nehru to adopt? An already sunk Capitalism in the abyss of depression OR Depression immune Soviet's Socialism. To explain it further , I will be shamelessly quoting Aris Hobsbawn from his work Age of Extremes . He proposes two kind of models to be adopted at that time as :-


    Model A:


    1.These countries, which embraced A , had their economy stagnant during the periods between 1914 and 1939.

    2. The industrial production fell by about ONE-THIRD between 1929 and 1931.


    3. During 1929 and 1938 their share of world’s manufactured goods decreased.


    4. The unemployment was between 10% and 18% during 1920s. And during Great Depression it was between 22% and 44%.


    5. The inflation rate was explosive sometimes reaching levels where one person’s life savings would only fetch a 'drink in a café'.

    Model B


    1. These countries, which embraced B, had a robust economy during the pervious 30 years.


    2. In these countries the industrial production TRIPLED from 1929 to 1940.


    3. Their share of worlds manufactured goods almost QUADRUPLED.


    4. There was virtually NO unemployment.


    5. There was virtually NO inflation even during the Great Depression.


    6. These countries completely escaped Great Depression of 30s.


    Now, me as a JL Nehru as the head of a newly founded state would have choosen the model B and in my opinion, you too. Correct me?

    Model A represent Capitalism while model B represent Socialism. Best these seems the torrent at those time but not in 2010 at all. Socialism has failed in its own home as it was doomed to because of its unnatural proclivity.

    So that is the root. Borrowing the models from outside always fail. Sooner or later Capitalism too will be in same place. So Sir Brahm now found a new way to shift blame from desi politicians to international one. Karl Marx hmm? Today what are we and how are we is the direct ramification of model B. But gents, that was gold according to that world situations. Now it is a ''buyer's regret''.

    As far as lower-self esteem is concerned, we have it because of our ''Grandfather of Independent Nation'' - Lord Mclaay . He instilled in our already slave mind that everything non-British is inferior. And anything inferior causes low- self esteem. It engulfs confidence and independency of minds and thoughts which was the goal of Grandfather. He plundered everything with the curriculam of english alzebra. Till today we would appreciate that - Angrez kitne aandy sai, dekh, yo kar diya, wo kar diya. Sooner we burn the hobgoblin of grandfather, faster we would move ahead in genuine way and in our style.

    So your current generation of politicians are merely the upgradation [ or downgradation ] of British era. Colonial hangover would still take decades to be washed but when whole world is now being westernised culturly and economicaly, so no salvation apparantly unless we devise a system of development which purely would be in nature of our ethnicity. For example:- Mohammad Yunus, The Noble Awardee from Bangladesh.

    Moving further , realising the importance of Indian population as a big investment asset , paleolithic way of strengthening the agricultural, dairy products, rural tourism , could be a few but strong innovative ventures to help the rural sector without urbanising it unneccessarily . Urban population is hughely dependent on rural sector for milk, vegetables and grains. Government may be cold but people of rural area always have this opporutnity open. Don't expect government to baby feed the progress in to your hungary stomach. You will have to vouch for your hunger. Enterpreneuring of our blood professions are the ways and quiet easiest ways.

    Rural folks are deft in these basic professions for centuaries. So why to look at outside and seek service industeries to knock at door step to acquire their land. As I said earlier, they only lack in guidance.

    Corruption , it would not take more than five minutes to understand and accept that every human group of any kind is doomed to corrupt. It is one of the inherent quality of humanity. Our Cro-Magnan and Neanderthal - chimp fathers were corrupt too. They had stolen food from their brothers. But to live and function harmoniusly we are expected to practise the lately induced rules[ like 10,000years back] of society, governance. But alas! inherent,innate base qualities/motivations in our genome always trumps the newly induced codes of behaviour. As we have evolved past the survival , we tend to behave more socially and for this to appear practise there MUST be a homogenius enviornment of culture, values, ethics. Indians, overall firmly and dedicatively believe in easy forgving, forgetting and classic '' Sab Kuch Chalta Hai Yaar, Aisi Taisi Karaye Duniya, Apne ko Kya''. Without proper and suffice checks in any governance system development remains down-played. May be it is true that we better understand and behave onto the aria of flagellation better than following rules. But who will whip our lazy asses? I leave you here with the question of the millenium.
    Where is the moderator who keeps deleting bulk of my posts for bing "off-track" ...
    Bhram ji has raised a similar question about relevance of this post (though an excellent standalone read) to the core OP.
    seems not all members are treated same.

  6. #125
    Quote Originally Posted by vdhillon View Post
    @Akshay: Why are you talking about me on this thread I see me in you. Tujhe mein Dhillon dikhta hai malik saab mein kya karun ...lol


    @ALL
    I am a late entrant to this thread and just started. Apologies to all other members, bear with me while I catch up, some of my post my be out of synch until I catch up.

    Inline with Akshay's thoughts, I too am wondering as to how qualified I am to post here.

    I can be disqualified on the basis of various things,
    - my limited physical connection with India (a country I left 16yrs ago and no longer retain citizenship of)
    - or my own jat villages (which I have visited may be 4 or 5 times max, no more than 2 hours in last 10years), or
    - on the basis that I consider myself more of a global citizen rather than Indian/Aussie/Singaporean/jat who has been heavily influenced by Indian+western+chinese/oriental cultures and more inline with gen-Y (though older than them) in terms of thinking, attitudes, likes, dislikes, attitude towards relationship/dating/marriage/race/sexual preferences/gays/lesbians, etc.
    - on the basis that this is neither an area of my formal academic studies nor my professional work experience

    Having established that I am no expert in this area, I will still post as i do read and I am quiet opinionated. If still interested in the views of an "opinionated non-expert", please read on but with the pinch of salt.

    I see this topic about rural development. I also see people arguing about . I am wondering the following:
    1. Some of today's rural people may become urbanites due to migration, some of rural (e.g. closer to NCR) or semi-rural centers may become urban in nature.
    "Are we better off discussing overall development of jat samaj and within that context focus on bridging the gap between rural-urban divide."

    2. I see members arguing (with excellent oratory and prose skills), but not agreeing, about what constitutes development, anecdotes about miserable conditions in villages to usage of ac and USB in villages.
    "Are we not better off agreeing to use some internationally accepted development index"
    e.g. UN and World Bank's Human Development Index (HDI) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Development_Index), various agencies including UN, GOI, WB, etc collect data on thes eindexes, easier to see historical trends in development.

    By establishing common definitions and baseline, we can discuss the topic itself rather than differing definitions and perceptions of development based on anecdotes and personal views <apologizes if thread has already resolved this, i will eventually catchup with you guys>.

    TBC <work-in-progess>
    -----------------------------------------------------
    I am still on the 2nd page of the thread, bear with me, I will keep updating this post as I go along..
    Being a person of Indian origin with linkages in rural hinterland and having visited villages 4-6 times you are supposed be a qualified person to post here on this thread.

    The people like Salman Rushdie, V.S. Napaul and Amritya Sen have also spent major part of their life outside India (not sure about their global status), but all of them have written about India in length and breadth with authority and their works are internationally acclaimed.


    It is your own perception that you are not an expert in this area. Moreover, no expert study is required to assess the current state of development in our villages. One doesn’t need testimony of unrealistic statistics compiled by UN or Brettonwood Institutes who have never been able to penetrate into real India - the blind and desolate alleys of backward belts consisting of rural hamlets of Rajasthan (Churu, Badhmer, Jaisalmeer, Bikaner), and even some districts of oft-repeated ‘developed State’ Haryana ( Bhiwani , Mahendergarh and parts of Hissar), tribal areas of Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Bihar, MP, Orissa and some other States, to name a few. A mere glance at heaps of dung and dirt strewn around, stinking and choked drains, dilapidated schools without necessary logistics, bumpy narrow roads with pot holes and stagnant water both sides, people travelling on the rooftops of jeeps, humble an un-plastered houses & cottages made of straw, bands of unemployed youth with gloomy faces, and “barbaad jawaniyan with unkempt hair”, would testify the sorry state of affairs. (Many more things already mentioned time and again in previous posts).

    The fact that why the rural people want to be urbanites itself corroborates the truth that all requisite facilities are not available in villages. It is a big question as to why all the educated people having employment migrate to urban estates at the first opportunity.

    Certainly, we are better off in terms of life-style and facilities around us in comparison to our forefathers because change is inevitable and it keeps happening every moment. But what is important is to catalyze the process of change with optimum force and the egalitarian utilization of resources available i.e. the capital generated making the ruralites equal stake holders in development.

    It is my guess that Human Development Index is country specific and does not deal with rural development in isolation. The statistics compiled are all encompassing including metropolitan cities in its sample survey which is more based on life expectancy, GDP and per capita income of the entire population including, inter alia, our billionaires too. It is quite hypothetical as it doesn’t provide segregated data in respect of rural areas to examine the case under study.

    You have quoted Akshay and seem to have endorsed the individualistic, seemingly a little snobbish and feudal attitude which most of the 'digitized haves' normally assume towards the hapless 'have-nots' of this digital era. Going by that analogy, the legendary freedom fighter and martyr Bhagat Singh was, perhaps, a stupid who could have enjoyed his life in his cozy drawing room fitted with an AC instead of incarcerating in Lahore Jail and finally going to gallows for the sake of his conviction and freedom of nation. What was the need to sacrifice his precious life for the sake of freedom, fruit of which were going to be shared by only a few ungrateful, snobbish and self-centred people. The tragedy is that majority of our middle class people prefer to severe relations with their extended family members/relatives still languishing in the quagmire of poverty in villages, once they are able to carve out some space in the urban social milieu/corporate culture following in the footsteps of Indian aristocracy.
    Last edited by singhvp; December 4th, 2010 at 11:58 AM.

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  8. #126
    Quote Originally Posted by vdhillon View Post
    Where is the moderator who keeps deleting bulk of my posts for bing "off-track" ...
    Bhram ji has raised a similar question about relevance of this post (though an excellent standalone read) to the core OP.
    seems not all members are treated same.
    Vishal the contents of Samar's post in question were not off-topic, in my opinion. It was in tune with the context. (As you said, it was an excellent read, standalone or in conjunction with the thread)

  9. #127
    Quote Originally Posted by vpsingh View Post
    Vishal the contents of Samar's post in question were not off-topic, in my opinion. It was in tune with the context. (As you said, it was an excellent read, standalone or in conjunction with the thread)
    I agree Samar's post was an excellent read.

    I was being a jerk and taking a cheap pot shot on MODdeys, as some of my posts elsewhere (having similar degree of relevance) were deleted with the reason "off-track". I have already apologized to Samar via PM many days ago.

    But I will still like to retain my post (124) above as my peev about moderation style remains valid.

  10. #128

    एक शेर अर्ज़ है

    "ए वतन की खाक, मुझे एड़ियाँ रगड़ने दे
    मुझे यकीन है कि पानी यहीं से निकलेगा"

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  12. #129
    World Bank Report on India's agriculture and rural development :

    http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/EXTSAREGTOPAGRI/0,,contentMDK:20273764~menuPK:548214~pagePK:340041 73~piPK:34003707~theSitePK:452766,00.html


    BACKGROUND
    Although agriculture contributes only 21% of India’s GDP, its importance in the country’s economic, social, and political fabric goes well beyond this indicator. The rural areas are still home to some 72 percent of the India’s 1.1 billion people, a large number of whom are poor. Most of the rural poor depend on rain-fed agriculture and fragile forests for their livelihoods.
    The sharp rise in foodgrain production during India’s Green Revolution of the 1970s enabled the country to achieve self-sufficiency in foodgrains and stave off the threat of famine. Agricultural intensification in the 1970s to 1980s saw an increased demand for rural labor that raised rural wages and, together with declining food prices, reduced rural poverty.
    Sustained, although much slower, agricultural growth in the 1990s reduced rural poverty to 26.3 percent by 1999/00. Since then, however, the slowdown in agricultural growth has become a major cause for concern. India’s rice yields are one-third of China’s and about half of those in Vietnam and Indonesia. With the exception of sugarcane, potato and tea, the same is true for most other agricultural commodities.
    The Government of India places high priority on reducing poverty by raising agricultural productivity. However, bold action from policymakers will be required to shift away from the existing subsidy-based regime that is no longer sustainable, to build a solid foundation for a highly productive, internationally competitive, and diversified agricultural sector.
    ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
    Slow Down in Agricultural and Rural Non-Farm Growth: Both the poorest as well as the more prosperous ‘Green Revolution’ states of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh have recently witnessed a slow-down in agricultural growth. Some of the factors hampering the revival of growth are:
    • Poor composition of public expenditures: Public spending on agricultural subsidies is crowding out productivity-enhancing investments such as agricultural research and extension, as well as investments in rural infrastructure, and the health and education of the rural people. In 1999/2000, agricultural subsidies amounted to 3 percent of GDP and were over 7 times the public investments in the sector.
    • Over-regulation of domestic agricultural trade: While economic and trade reforms in the 1990s helped to improve the incentive framework, over-regulation of domestic trade has increased costs, price risks and uncertainty, undermining the sector’s competitiveness.
    • Government interventions in labor, land, and credit markets: More rapid growth of the rural non-farm sector is constrained by government interventions in factor markets -- labor, land, and credit -- and in output markets, such as the small-scale reservation of enterprises.
    • Inadequate infrastructure and services in rural areas.
    Weak Framework for Sustainable Water Management and Irrigation:
    • Inequitable allocation of water: Many states lack the incentives, policy, regulatory, and institutional framework for the efficient, sustainable, and equitable allocation of water.
    • Deteriorating irrigation infrastructure: Public spending in irrigation is spread over many uncompleted projects. In addition, existing infrastructure has rapidly deteriorated as operations and maintenance is given lower priority.
    Inadequate Access to Land and Finance:
    • Stringent land regulations discourage rural investments: While land distribution has become less skewed, land policy and regulations to increase security of tenure (including restrictions or bans on renting land or converting it to other uses) have had the unintended effect of reducing access by the landless and discouraging rural investments.
    • Computerization of land records has brought to light institutional weaknesses: State government initiatives to computerize land records have reduced transaction costs and increased transparency, but also brought to light institutional weaknesses.
    • Rural poor have little access to credit: While India has a wide network of rural finance institutions, many of the rural poor remain excluded, due to inefficiencies in the formal finance institutions, the weak regulatory framework, high transaction costs, and risks associated with lending to agriculture.
    Weak Natural Resources Management: One quarter of India’s population depends on forests for at least part of their livelihoods.
    • A purely conservation approach to forests is ineffective: Experience in India shows that a purely conservation approach to natural resources management does not work effectively and does little to reduce poverty.
    • Weak resource rights for forest communities: The forest sector is also faced with weak resource rights and economic incentives for communities, an inefficient legal framework and participatory management, and poor access to markets.

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  14. #130
    Contd:

    Weak delivery of basic services in rural areas:
    • Low bureaucratic accountability and inefficient use of public funds: Despite large expenditures in rural development, a highly centralized bureaucracy with low accountability and inefficient use of public funds limit their impact on poverty. In 1992, India amended its Constitution to create three tiers of democratically elected rural local governments bringing governance down to the villages. However, the transfer of authority, funds, and functionaries to these local bodies is progressing slowly, in part due to political vested interests. The poor are not empowered to contribute to shaping public programs or to hold local governments accountable.
    PRIORITY AREAS FOR THE WORLD BANK SUPPORT
    1. Enhancing agricultural productivity, competitiveness, and rural growth
    Enhancing productivity: Creating a more productive, internationally competitive and diversified agricultural sector would require a shift in public expenditures away from subsidies towards productivity enhancing investments. Second it will require removing the restrictions on domestic private trade to improve the investment climate and meet expanding market opportunities. Third, the agricultural research and extension systems need to be strengthened to improve access to productivity enhancing technologies. The diverse conditions across India suggests the importance of regionally differentiated strategies, with a strong focus on the lagging states.
    Improving Water Resource and Irrigation/Drainage Management: Increase in multi-sectoral competition for water highlights the need to formulate water policies and unbundle water resources management from irrigation service delivery. Other key priorities include: (i) modernizing Irrigation and Drainage Departments to integrate the participation of farmers and other agencies in irrigation management; (ii) improving cost recovery; (iii) rationalizing public expenditures, with priority to completing schemes with the highest returns; and (iv) allocating sufficient resources for operations and maintenance for the sustainability of investments.
    Strengthening rural non-farm sector growth: Rising incomes are fueling demand for higher-value fresh and processed agricultural products in domestic markets and globally, which open new opportunities for agricultural diversification to higher value products (e.g. horticulture, livestock), agro-processing and related services. The government needs to shift its role from direct intervention and overregulation to creating the enabling environment for private sector participation and competition for agribusiness and more broadly, the rural non-farm sector growth. Improving the rural investment climate includes removing trade controls, rationalizing labor regulations and the tax regime (i.e. adoption of the value added tax system), and improving access to credit and key infrastructure (e.g. roads, electricity, ports, markets).
    2. Improving access to assets and sustainable natural resource use
    Balancing poverty reduction and conservation priorities: Finding win-win combinations for conservation and poverty reduction will be critical to sustainable natural resource management. This will involve addressing legal, policy and institutional constraints to devolving resource rights, and transferring responsibilities to local communities.


    Improving access to land: States can build on the growing consensus to reform land policy, particularly land tenancy policy and land administration system. States that do not have tenancy restrictions can provide useful lessons in this regard. Over the longer term, a more holistic approach to land administration policies, regulations and institutions is necessary to ensure tenure security, reduce costs, and ensure fairness and sustainability of the system.

    Improving access to rural finance: It would require improving the performance of regional rural banks and rural credit cooperatives by enhancing regulatory oversight, removing government control and ownership, and strengthening the legal framework for loan recovery and the use of land as collateral. It would also involve creating an enabling environment for the development of micro-finance institutions in rural areas.
    3. Strengthening institutions for the poor and promoting rural livelihood
    Promoting Community-Based Rural Development: State Government efforts in scaling up livelihood and community-driven development approaches will be critical to build social capital in the poorest areas as well as to expand savings mobilization, promote productive investments, income generating opportunities and sustainable natural resource management. Direct support to self-help groups, village committees, user’s associations, savings and loans groups and others can provide the initial ’push’ to move organizations to higher level and access to new economic opportunities. Moreover, social mobilization and particularly the empowerment of women’s groups, through increased capacity for collective action will provide communities with greater "voice" and bargaining power in dealing with the private sector, markets and financial services.
    Strengthening Accountability for Service Delivery: As decentralization efforts are pursued and local governments are given more prominence in the basic service delivery, the establishment of accountability mechanisms becomes critical. Local governments’ capacity to identify local priorities through participatory budgeting and planning needs to be strengthened. This, in turn, would improve the rural investment climate, facilitating the involvement of the private sector, creating employment opportunities and linkages between farm and non-farm sectors.

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  16. #131
    Quote Originally Posted by rakeshsehrawat View Post
    A Very Nice Topic After long time

    Gaon ke log ekjut ho gaon mein hi sabji fal aur anaj paida karein apas mein ek doosre saman ke badle len den karein. "Bahar ki cheezo ka bahiskar karein apni jaroorto ko seemet kar dein". Agar poora gramin bharat ye kaam siraf 6 mahine ke liye kar deta hai to sab kuch ho jayega. Par....................

    Rakesh bhai shuruwaat tu a kar........mann tai laagtaa kona bahar ki cheeja bana kaam chaal jaga...khet me naaj bhi naa ho saktaa...bahar ki cheeza bana to.

  17. #132
    Quote Originally Posted by kapdal View Post
    VP singhji,

    There is no denying the fact that development of rural India leaves much to be desired. Though some good developments did take place post independence like land reforms and the green revolution, but the cumulative effort has been much less than what was required. Having said that, I consider your diagnosis of the problem in "urban vs rural" terms as flawed. Rural India is not under-developed because the emphasis has been on urban India. It is underdeveloped because there are far too many people subsiding on land than is possible.

    I'd instead argue that the problem with rural India is because of the failure to develop urban Indian properly. Can we name one planned city that the govt. has come up with since independence? The likes of Gurgaon are extensions of existing cities. I am talking about stand alone cities built from the scratch. Through out the history of mankind, development has taken place around cities. All civilizations built cities which became the nerve centers for economic action for them. A village in itself just doesn't have the numbers for making any big project economically feasible. Just imagine a big hospital or a big mall or a university opened in a village. Where would the demand be to justify the investment? These things have to come up in the nearest town/city, which need to be well connected to the villages through roads, telephones, etc.

    Population of India is 1.2bn, of which more than 70% live in rural India. Majority of these are involved in agriculture. This is more than 3 times since independence. So number of people living off the land has tripled, while the amount of land has remained almost the same. This is just not sustainable. When a peon earns more than a farmer, it just tells you that there are far too many farmers than is economically feasible. People understand that and hence you see mass scale migration to the cities.

    On the other hand, the developed countries developed themselves on back of rapid industrialisation. As per wiki, in 1870, 70-80% of US population was employed in agriculture. Now that percentage is like 2 to 3%. Farmlands have become much bigger thus giving economy of scale to the farmer. Even in 1950, one US farmer supported around 15 citizens. By 2000, that number was close to 150. Compare this to India where one farmer is supporting less than 1.5 citizens including himself in 2010. This link has good information on development of agriculture in the US. We don't have to follow US example, but if you look at any developed country, the results would be similar.
    http://www.csrees.usda.gov/qlinks/extension.html

    The other issue is that the Indian state had been so busy making everything from soaps to steel that it didn't really have resources to concentrate on what should have been its priority- public goods like health, education, infrastructure. Plus it didn't have the money. Given the high growth of last decade and a half, the money issue has been sorted. The tax revenue to the govt. has increased a lot. The onus is now on the govt. to stop wasting money on wasteful subsidies and use it to build the infrastructure.

    The issue is not with people migrating to the cities. That is a natural outcome of the inequilibrium between rural/urban economies. The govt. needs to plan for this migration. They need to build new cities that can absorb the rural population and provide them with means of livelihood apart from agriculture. The extension of the current cities should be planned and not haphazard like it is now. And most importantly, what is needed is to develop the skill-set of rural communities so that they have options other than agriculture. Uneducated rural migrants end up in the usual unskilled/semi-skilled jobs in cities. Instead, they should be imparted with skills that can be used in the manufacturing/service sector.

    The topic itself is very broad in its scope. My write-up merely touches upon some key points.

    The best post in this thread!! Wo Kehyaan karee nai ke "Jamma Nichod Kadh diya"...

  18. #133
    Quote Originally Posted by atishmohan View Post
    The best post in this thread!! Wo Kehyaan karee nai ke "Jamma Nichod Kadh diya"...
    Atish, contrary to Kapil’s argument, the cities are certainly eating into the rural budget. Take the example of cities in our proximity viz. Rohtak in Haryana. There is no comparison between the pace of development going on in Rohtak and the one in villages. I can cite the example of Delhi also where a whopping sum of money was spent recently towards CWG. Even half of this money could have provided basic amenities in hundreds of villages. The perception that rural India is underdeveloped because “there are far too many people subsiding on land than is possible” doesn’t seem to be based on facts. If we take into account the per capita outlay, the figure of budget spent in rural India would be much less in comparison to the per capita outlay in cities. Moreover, density of population has nothing to do with development. Assuming, there was no pressure on land in rural areas and the per capita income of the village dwellers was higher than their counterparts in cities, the villagers wouldn’t have spent their income on building infrastructure of common use viz. roads, electrification, schools and hospitals. They would have instead migrated to the places (cities) where these facilities already exist. The work of providing basic and common amenities is the responsibility of a government.
    Last edited by singhvp; December 19th, 2011 at 01:12 PM.

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  20. #134
    Quote Originally Posted by vpsingh View Post
    Atish, contrary to Kapil’s argument, the cities are certainly eating into the rural budget. Take the example of cities in our proximity viz. Rohtak in Haryana. There is no comparison between the pace of development going on in Rohtak and the one in villages. I can cite the example of Delhi also where a whopping sum of money was spent recently towards CWG. Even half of this money could have provided basic amenities in hundreds of villages. The perception that rural India is underdeveloped because “there are far too many people subsiding on land than is possible” doesn’t seem to be based on facts. If we take into account the per capita outlay, the figure of budget spent in rural India would be much less in comparison to the per capita outlay in cities. Moreover, density of population has nothing to do with development. Assuming, there was no pressure on land in rural areas and the per capita income of the village dwellers was higher than their counterparts in cities, the villagers wouldn’t have spent their income on building infrastructure of common use viz. roads, electrification, schools and hospitals. They would instead migrate to the places where these facilities already exist. The work of providing basic and common amenities is the responsibility of a government.

    Decision for place for CWG was wrong and it was taken only to make money. If the place would have been different situation would have been much more better and with less expenses they would have created a world class city anywhere in India.
    These idiots care for themselves only.
    Bhad mein gaya desh
    Dream is not what you see while sleeping. Dream is that which won't let you sleep

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  22. #135
    Quote Originally Posted by vpsingh View Post
    Atish, contrary to Kapil’s argument, the cities are certainly eating into the rural budget. Take the example of cities in our proximity viz. Rohtak in Haryana. There is no comparison between the pace of development going on in Rohtak and the one in villages. I can cite the example of Delhi also where a whopping sum of money was spent recently towards CWG. Even half of this money could have provided basic amenities in hundreds of villages. The perception that rural India is underdeveloped because “there are far too many people subsiding on land than is possible” doesn’t seem to be based on facts. If we take into account the per capita outlay, the figure of budget spent in rural India would be much less in comparison to the per capita outlay in cities. Moreover, density of population has nothing to do with development. Assuming, there was no pressure on land in rural areas and the per capita income of the village dwellers was higher than their counterparts in cities, the villagers wouldn’t have spent their income on building infrastructure of common use viz. roads, electrification, schools and hospitals. They would have instead migrated to the places (cities) where these facilities already exist. The work of providing basic and common amenities is the responsibility of a government.

    Sir,

    Contrary to your argument, I think urban development derives rural growth.The contribution of Agriculture in the GDP has remained the same. In fact it has been little less over the last decade or so. Agriculture employs 60 percent of workforce in India while its contribution to the economy has decreased over the time. Whereas other sectors are doing well with lesser number of people. The idea is to create more skilled employment which can absorb unemployed people from agriculture sector.

    I think Kapil is not saying that Government should stop spending money in rural areas. Infact spending has increased over the last decade. Reason is, the contribution of other sectors in the GDP. Government has got more money to spend on the infrastructure and rural development. But its not up to the mark. Neither in the Cities nor in the villages. Indian economy is struggling with Infrastructure bottlenecks. Every sector is being hit by old and inefficient infrastructure. In my previous posts, I have mentioned the same. Growth and Infrastructure is co related. Good infrastructure means more favorable conditions for businesses resulting in more prosperity.
    Last edited by vicky84; December 19th, 2011 at 04:40 PM.

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  24. #136
    Everyone is talking about numbers, and hyperbole. You want your nation developed quickly--provide sanitation to all villages, cities. Provide closed drainage system for sewage and waste water. No more open sewage. This one thing will eliminate diseases like dengue, malaria, hepatitis, TB etc and the best benefit it will remove stench from air. Everything else will follow. Healthy population saves nation money on healthcare spending that in turns provide more money for other things. I was in Delhi last month, traveled little bit. I was flabbergasted to see so much stench in air, open sewage getting worse, so much trash. I saw the real meaning of "Incredible India" in Trash, Traffic, Population Overload.

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  26. #137
    Quote Originally Posted by karan View Post
    Everyone is talking about numbers, and hyperbole. You want your nation developed quickly--provide sanitation to all villages, cities. Provide closed drainage system for sewage and waste water. No more open sewage. This one thing will eliminate diseases like dengue, malaria, hepatitis, TB etc and the best benefit it will remove stench from air. Everything else will follow. Healthy population saves nation money on healthcare spending that in turns provide more money for other things. I was in Delhi last month, traveled little bit. I was flabbergasted to see so much stench in air, open sewage getting worse, so much trash. I saw the real meaning of "Incredible India" in Trash, Traffic, Population Overload.

    This is called proactive. Whereas our government is reactive! And that makes a lot of difference!! I mean its not only with healthcare sector but it is very common in every sector or may be you can call it a culture in our country.

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  28. #138
    Under development in is every sector, it needs a complete overhaul. But development is kept on hold due to political reasons. As there has to be some issues ready to ask vote for.
    -- Freedom is not worth having if it does not include the freedom to make mistakes.
    -- When you talk, you are only repeating what you already know. But if you listen, you may learn something new.

  29. #139
    The manual is concerned with the type of analysis that will serve as a basis for identification and formulation of rural development activities. The proposed analysis is diagnostic in nature, and it focuses on the rural household. The design reflects the argument that a thorough understanding of what the rural people do and an understanding of why they do what they do is the most relevant basis for formulating rural development activities. The emphasis is placed on problem analysis and explanation. The interest is not so much to establish e.g. the percentage of farmers using improved seed but to explore why those farmers not using improved seed do not do so. The survey proposed in this manual will not cover hundreds of households, but rather an in-depth exploration of a limited number, and will contain an explanatory analysis that will attempt to clarify what determines behaviour at household level. The manual contains an introduction and an instruction on this type of explanatory analysis. It also contains a format for information generation. This format is an inventory of variables that are expected to be important in explaining characteristics of rural underdevelopment as they manifest themselves at the household level. The immediate objective of the proposed analysis is an attempt to 'explain' or at least to better understand the causes of certain characteristics of rural underdevelopment as they manifest themselves at the household level.

  30. #140
    good work dudes keep up
    Subhash Mahla... www.facebook.com/subhashmahla

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