Bhavapura
Bhavapura (भवपुर) was an ancient city in Cambodia founded by Indian Rulers, who ruled in Kambuja for about 1300 years.[1] It was capital of the Chenla state.
Variants
- Bhavapura भवपुर, Cambodia कम्बोडिया, (AS, p.662)
- Jacques proposed that use of the name Funan should be abandoned in favour of the names, such as Bhavapura, Aninditapura, Shresthapura and Vyadhapura, which are known from inscriptions to have been used at the time for cities in the region and give a more accurate idea of the geography of the ancient Khmer regions than the names Funan or Zhenla are unknown in the Old Khmer language.[2]
History
Originally one of the regional centers of Funan with an unknown degree of sovereignty, Chenla was recognized by a foreign power as a separate political entity at the end of the sixth century, Bhavavarman I its independent ruler. Considerable scholarly discord prevails regarding the exact geographic origin, the extent, dynamic and chronology of territorial expansion and in particular, the religious and political center of Chenla and whether or not it consisted of a unified people under a single leader.[3][4]
Following Hindu god king (devaraja) tradition[5] the king chose the Sanskrit name of a patron deity or an avatar, followed by the suffix –varman, meaning 'protected by', obeying the code of conduct Manusmṛti, the Laws of Manu for the Kshatriya warrior caste.[6]
Rajendravarman II (Khmer: រាជេន្ទ្រវរ្ម័នទី២) was the king of the Khmer Empire (region of Angkor in Cambodia), from 944 to 968.
Rajendravarman II was the uncle and first cousin of Harshavarman. His principal monuments, located in the Angkor region of Cambodia's Siem Reap province, are Pre Rup and East Mebon.[7][8]
The king claimed links to the royal line of the Chenla state that had its capital at Bhavapura (the city's location is debated) and predates the start of the Khmer empire in 802 AD. Inscriptions say that the Khmer empire under his tutelage extended to southern Vietnam, Laos and much of Thailand and as far north as southern China.
An inscription at Pre Rup relates that Rajendravarman II was a great warrior, his sword frequently blood-stained, his body as hard as a diamond. Though the king punished the guilty, the inscription says, he had an ocean of compassion for the innocent. Other inscriptions depict him as organizer of state religious ritual. In one text, he gives an order for the collection of holy oil, in the form of butter, for use in temples.
The king ruled from a great palace designed by his minister Kavindrarimathana. Many scholars believe that Rajendravarman II instituted a system of centralized administration, establishing more direct control over a collection of princes who had been largely independent at their estates in the provinces.[9]
Construction at Banteay Srei, the ornate temple of pink sandstone located north of the main Angkor complex, began during the king's reign.[10]
Rajendravarman II led fighting against the rival state of Champa in the east, and in 946 AD. seized as booty a gold statue in the temple of Po Nagar there.[11]
Rajendravarman II was succeeded by his 10-year-old son, who reigned as Jayavarman V.[12]
भवपुर
भवपुर (AS, p.662), Cambodia कम्बोडिया, प्राचीन भारतीय उपनिवेश कंबुज का एक नगर. कंबुज में हिंदू नरेशों का राज प्राय: तेरह सौ वर्ष तक रहा था. [13]
External links
References
- ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.662
- ↑ Claude Jacques, "‘Funan’, ‘Zhenla’: The Reality Concealed by these Chinese Views of Indochina", in R. B. Smith and W. Watson (eds.), Early South East Asia : Essays in Archaeology, History and Historical Geography, New York, Oxford University Press, 1979, pp.371-9, p.378.
- ↑ "The Kingdom of Chenla". Asia's World.
- ↑ ""What and Where was Chenla?" - there is really no need to look for Chenla beyond the borders of what is present-day Cambodia. All that is required is that it be inland from Funan" (PDF). Michael Vickery publications.
- ↑ Sengupta, Arputha Rani (Ed.) (2005). "God and King : The Devaraja Cult in South Asian Art & Architecture". ISBN 8189233262.
- ↑ "Personal and Geographical Names in the Gupta Inscriptions By Tej Ram Sharma"
- ↑ Higham, C., 2001, The Civilization of Angkor, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, ISBN 9781842125847,p:73
- ↑ Higham, C., 2014, Early Mainland Southeast Asia, Bangkok: River Books Co., Ltd., ISBN 9786167339443,p:358,361–367
- ↑ Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella, ed. The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.,p:116
- ↑ Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella, ed. The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.,p:117
- ↑ Maspero, G., 2002, The Champa Kingdom, Bangkok: White Lotus Co., Ltd., ISBN 9789747534993,p:56
- ↑ Higham, C., 2001, The Civilization of Angkor, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, ISBN 9781842125847, p:79
- ↑ Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p. 662