Sindh River

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Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (Retd.)

Map of Yamuna River & its tributaries
Rivers in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh

Sindh River (सिंध नदी) is a tributary of the Yamuna River, flows through the Indian states of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.

Variants

Sindh River (सिंध नदी) = सिंधु-3 (AS, p.961)

Origin

The Sindh River originates on the Malwa Plateau in Vidisha district.

Course

After its origin from Vidisha, flows north-northeast through the districts of Guna, Ashoknagar, Shivpuri, Datia, Gwalior and Bhind in Madhya Pradesh to join the Yamuna River in Etawah district, Uttar Pradesh, just after the confluence of the Chambal River with the Yamuna River. It has a total length of 470 kms, out of which 461 kms are in Madhya Pradesh and 9 kms are in Uttar Pradesh. The total catchment area of this river in Madhya Pradesh state is 26698 km².

The Sindh River starts off on the Malwa Plateau located in Vidisha district. The river forms border of Guna/Ashoknagar districts, then flows through Shivpuri district, forms border of Gwalior/Datia districts, flows through Datia district then [[Bhind] district, which further merges with Yamuna River in Etawah district of Uttar Pradesh.

Madikheda Dam Shivpuri

Apart from this, Manikheda Dam has been built across the Sindh River where the majority of the surrounding regions are benefiting through this. The drinking water and irrigation requirements are facilitated through this river.

Major tributaries

The major tributaries are:

Pahuj (Pushpavati) - Pahuj River is the waterway flowing through the historical city of Jhansi situated in Uttar Pradesh. The river originates from the hills of Jhansi district of Uttar Pradesh and and Tikamgarh of Madhya Pradesh.

It is the tributary of Sindh River that further joins the Yamuna River in Etawah of Uttar Pradesh state. The river has also been given another name “Pushpavati” in several religious texts. Pushpavati (पुष्पवती)(III.83.12) is mentioned in Vana Parva, Mahabharata/Book III Chapter 83. It says fasting there for three nights one sanctifieth his own race, besides earning the merit of the gift of a thousand kine.

This river also flows through Unnao Balaji 20 km from Jhansi, famous for Sun Temple and people. It is a tributary of the Sindh River, which joins the Yamuna River in Etawah, Uttar Pradesh state, just after the Chambal River confluence with the Yamuna river.

It is a small and dry river which passes through the Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi.


Mahuar - Flowing from the state of Madhya Pradesh, Mahuar River is the tributary of Sindh River. Summers can be really scorching here, all rock and heat. The only respite is this small watercourse called Mahuar. It is not a small river, but during summers the water levels dips. However, the river still runs deep enough to give a cool dip during scorching months.


Kunwari - Kunwari River often spelled as “Kwari river” flows in Bhind, Morena districts of Madhya Pradesh. The river has been branched out of Sindh River and merges with Yamuna River in the Etawah district. Districts like Kailaras, Sheopur, Morena and Bijeypur are situated on the banks of this river.

Course of Vaisali River near Gohad in Bhind District

Vaisali River: It flows in Bhind District and Gwalior districts. It originates in Gwalior district near Behat. The site of Gohad Fort was selected strategically on the Vaisali River where it takes a circular turn. The Gohad fort is in circular shape. It is protected by the rampart constructed around the fort in a length of 5 km. The river was dug and flow of river was extended up to the fort to take a semi circular shape. Other important town on its course is Khitoli in Bhind. It meets Sindh River.

Historical places

सिंध नदी

विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर [1] ने लेख किया है ... 3. सिंधु (AS, p.961) = सिंध नदी - यह नदी विंध्य श्रेणी से (सिरोंज, मध्य प्रदेश) के उत्तर से निकलकर इटावा और जालौन उत्तर प्रदेश के बीच यमुना में मिल जाती है. श्रीमद्भागवत में इसका नर्मदा, चर्मण्वंती और शोण आदि के साथ उल्लेख है--'नर्मदा चर्मण्वंती सिंधुरंधः शोणश्च नदौ महानदी....'. मेघदूत (पूर्व मेघ 31) में कालिदास ने सिंधु का इस प्रकार वर्णन किया है--'वेणीभूतप्रतनुसलिला तामतीतस्य सिन्धुः पाण्डुच्छायातटरुहतरुभ्रंशिभिर्जीर्णपर्णैः । सौभाग्यं ते सुभग विरहावस्थया व्यञ्जयन्ती, कार्श्यं येन त्यजति विधिना स त्वयैवोपपाद्यः'. मेघ के यात्रा-क्रम के अनुसार यह यमुना की सहायक प्रसिद्ध सिंधु हो सकती है, किंतु मेघ को, विदिशा से उज्जैन के मार्ग में, इस सिंध के मिलने की संभावना अधिक नहीं जान पड़ती क्योंकि वर्तमान भीलसा (प्राचीन विदिशा) से उज्जैन तक जाने वाली सीधी रेखा से यह नदी पर्याप्त उत्तर में छूट जाती है. यह अधिक संभव जान पड़ता है कि कालिदास ने इस स्थान पर सिंधु से कालीसिंध नदी का निर्देश किया है.

कालीसिंध नदी नदी भी विंध्याचल की पहाड़ियों से निकलकर उज्जैन से थोड़ी दूर पश्चिम की ओर बहती हुई कोटा के उत्तर में चंबल में मिल जाती है. सिंधु नदी के वर्णन के पश्चात ही 32 वें पद में कालिदास अवंतिका उज्जैन का उल्लेख किया है जो इस नदी के कालीसिंध के साथ अभिज्ञान से ही ठीक जचता है. यमुना की सहायक सिंध तो उज्जैन से काफी दूर -150 मील के लगभग उत्तर-पश्चिम की ओर विदिशा-उज्जैन के सीधे मार्ग से बाहर छूट जाती है. काली सिंध ही उज्जैन से ठीक पूर्व की ओर इसी मार्ग पर पड़ती है.

अंध नदी

विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर[2] ने लेख किया है ...अंध (AS, p.5) श्रीमद्भागवत में उल्लिखित एक नदी.... 'नर्मदा चर्मणवती सिंधुरन्ध्रशोणश्च' (5,19,18). सिंधु, यमुना की सहायक सिंध है और शोण वर्तमान सोन. इन्हीं के समीप बहने वाली किसी नदी का नाम अंध हो सकता है. संभव है, यह वर्तमान केन या शुक्तिमती ही का नाम हो. इसका संबंध अंधक से भी हो सकता है जो श्री डे के अनुसार भागलपुर के निकट गंगा में गिरने वाली चंदन नदी है.

References


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