Pondicherry
| Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R) |
Pondicherry (पोंडीचेरी), now known as Puducherry , is the capital and most populous city of the Union Territory of Puducherry in India. The city is in the Puducherry district on the southeast coast of India and is surrounded by the Bay of Bengal to the east and the state of Tamil Nadu, with which it shares most of its culture, heritage, and language.[1]
Variants
- Puducherry (पुदुचेरी)
- Vedapuri
Location
History
Puducherry, formerly known as Pondicherry, gained its significance as "The French Riviera of the East" after the advent of French colonialisation in India. Puducherry is the Tamil interpretation of "new town" and mainly derives from "Poduke", the name of the marketplace or "port town" for Roman trade in the 1st century, as mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. The settlement was once an abode of learned scholars versed in the Vedas, hence it was also known as Vedapuri.[2]
The history of Puducherry can broadly be classified into two periods: pre-colonial and colonial. The pre-colonial period started with the reign of the Pallavas, who ruled the empire from 325 to 900, after which came the Chola dynasty, from 900 to 1279, and the Pandya dynasty, from 1279 to 1370. During the 14th century, the city was under the rule of Naikship of Gingee of the Vijayanagara Empire, from 1370 to 1614, when it was conquered by the Sultan of Bijapur, who ruled it from 1614 to 1638. It was during this period that Portuguese and Danish merchants used it as a trading center.
The colonial period began with the Portuguese, the first Europeans to conduct trade in textiles, in 1521, and subsequently, the Dutch and the Danes in the 17th century.
The prospering trade of Puducherry attracted the French, and the predominant feature of the town was laid by the French pioneer Francois Martin in the form of a French settlement, in 1674. In 1693, Puducherry was captured by the Dutch and subsequently restored in 1699, with the Treaty of Ryswick.
The French acquired Mahé in 1720, Yanam in 1731, and Karaikal in 1738. The British captured the city from the French but returned it following the Treaty of Paris, in 1763. This Anglo-French war continued until 1814, where France found itself in control of the settlements of Puducherry, Mahé, Yanam, Karaikal, and Chandernagor, even during the British period, until 1954. It was a reign of 138 years under the French, who on 31 October 1954 left Indian shores following a de facto transfer of power.
Nearby places such as Arikamedu, Ariyankuppam, Kakayanthoppe, Villianur, and Bahour, which were colonised by the French East India Company over a period of time and later became the union territory of Pondicherry, have recorded histories that predate the colonial period.
Poduke or Poduca (marketplace) was a Roman trading destination from the third century BCE.[4] Poduca has been identified as possibly being Arikamedu (now part of Ariyankuppam), located about 2 miles (3.2 km) from the modern city of Pondicherry. The area was part of the Pallava Kingdom of Kanchipuram in the 4th century. The Cholas of Thanjavur held it from the 10th to the 13th centuries, until it was replaced by the Pandya Kingdom, in the 13th century. The Vijayanagar Empire took control of almost all of southern India in the 14th century and maintained control until 1638, when they were supplanted by the Sultan of Bijapur.
Etymology
Puducherry is the Tamil interpretation of "new town" and mainly derives from "Poduke", the name of the marketplace or "port town" for Roman trade in the 1st century, as mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea.
पुदुचेरी
पुदुचेरी (Puducherry), जो पोंडीचेरी (Pondicherry) भी कहलाता है, भारत के पुदुचेरी केंद्र-शासित प्रदेश की राजधानी है। पहले पुदुचेरी भारत में फ्रांसीसी भारत कहलाने वाले फ्रांसीसी उपनिवेश का मुख्य शहर था और पोंडीचेरी कहलाता था। सितंबर 2006 में पोंडीचेरी का नाम आधिकारिक रूप से बदलकर पुदुचेरी कर दिया गया जिसका स्थानीय तमिल भाषा में अर्थ "नया गाँव" होता है। यह बंगाल की खाड़ी पर बसा हुआ है। भारत का यह क्षेत्र लगभग 300 वर्षों तक फ्रांसीसी अधिकार में रहा है और आज भी यहाँ फ्रांसीसी वास्तुशिल्प और संस्कृति देखने को मिल जाती है। पुराने समय में यह फ्रांस के साथ होने वाले व्यापार का मुख्य केंद्र था। आज अनेक पर्यटक इसके सुंदर समुद्र तटों और तत्कालीन सभ्यता की झलक पाने के लिए यहाँ आते हैं। केवल पर्यटन की दृष्टि से ही नहीं बल्कि आध्यात्मिक और धार्मिक दृष्टि से भी यह स्थान बहुत महत्वपूर्ण है। इस कारण प्रतिवर्ष लाखों की संख्या में पर्यटक यहाँ आते हैं।
Notable Persons
- Jat Samaj Pondicherry