China
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China today is administratively divided into two states: the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC). The PRC administers and governs the majority of China (mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau), while the ROC administers the island groups of Taiwan, the Pescadores, Kinmen, and Matsu, as well as the Pratas and Taiping.
China has one of the world's longest periods of mostly uninterrupted civilization and one of the world's longest continuously used written language systems. The successive states and cultures of China date back more than six millennia. For centuries, China was the world's most advanced civilization, and the cultural center of East Asia, with an impact lasting to the present day. China is also home to many of the great technical inventions in world history, including the four great inventions of ancient China: paper, compass, gunpowder, and printing.
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Origin of word China
English and many other languages use forms of the name "China" and the prefix "Sino-" or "Sin-". These are believed to be derived from the name of the Qin Dynasty that first unified the country. The Qin dynasty was short-lived and often regarded as tyrannical, but it unified the written language in China and gave the supreme ruler of China the title of "Emperor"; thus the subsequent Silk Road traders might have identified themselves by that name. In any case, the word "China" passed through many languages along the Silk Road before it finally reached Europe and England. The Western "China", transliterated to "Shina" was also used by the Japanese from the nineteenth a[1]
Jat King Kanishka of Kushan
The Jat ruler Kanishka had won Yarkand, Khotan etc provinces of China and reigned over there. Some of the Chinese princesses were protected under the authority of Kanishka. There is a place called "China Patti", which is after Chinese princes. Kanishka was a strong propagator of principles of Mahayana in Buddhism religion in China. Chinese have great faith in Buddhism. India being the Buddha’s birthplace Chinese travelers came to India one after other.
The Chinese traveler Fa-Hien [2] came to India during the rule of Jat king Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya) in the period (399 AD - 414 AD). Fa-Hien or Fa-hsien) (ca. 337 - ca. 422) was a Chinese Buddhist monk, who, between 399 and 414 travelled to India and Sri Lanka to bring Buddhist scriptures. His journey is described in his work A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms, Being an Account by the Chinese Monk Fa-Hien of his Travels in India and Ceylon in Search of the Buddhist Books of Discipline. [3] In this book Fa-hien mentions about the Jat Kingdom of Kanishka in India. He also mentions about kingdom of Punia and Ruhela Jat clans in Afghanistan. (A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms Ch. XIV)
Jat ruler Harshavardhana
The Chinese traveler Xuanzang [4] visited India from 630 AD – 644 AD. In 646, under the Emperor's request, Xuanzang completed his book "Journey to India in the Great Tang Dynasty", which has become one of the primary sources for the study of medieval history in India. Here he met a talented Mahayana monk and spent his two years (631-633) studying Mahayana alongside other schools of Buddhism. During this time, Xuanzang writes about the fourth Buddhist Council that took place nearby, ca. 100 AD, under the order of King Kanishka of Kushan. He visited the northern Indian emperor Jat Emperor Harshavardhana’s grand capital of Kanyakubja (Kanauji). Here, in 636, Xuanzang encountered 100 monasteries of 10,000 monks (both Mahayana and Theravada), and was impressed by the king's patronage of both scholarship and Buddhism. Additionally, he was known for recording the events of the reign of the northern Indian Jat emperor, Harshavardhana.
Jats in China
Many Jats also went to China to spread the message of Buddhism. Jats who had gone to China were Jivgun Varman, Jingupta and Amogh Bajra. Jats had close relations with Chinese provinces like Korea, Mongolia, and Manchuria due to their works of spreading Buddhism to these regions. Jats were mainly responsible for the spread of Mahayana into China. The Chinese history also records this fact that Jats were the followers of Buddhism. (KL Faujdar)
Mahabharata mentions about two republics namely tangan and Partangan on border of China. These are Tangar and Pratihar Jats of today. They had moved there near Hingu Hill and Hignu River during Mauryan period. This Indian Aryan clan ruled here for a long period and returned after that to India. These people are known as Hunga. Their influence and state are still discussed in China. The Jats had established colonies in China is proved from the fact that in the Chinese history Yuezhi clan is mentioned as Chinese a ruling clan. Mr. Grouse in ‘Mathura memoirs’ mentions Nauhwar Jats as people returned from Nauh Lake near Khotan. He says that the Nauhwars were Indian nationals who had reached beyond Khotan and returned before the attack of Huns and settled at Nauh Lake in Mathura district. (Thakur Deshraj)
Gen. Cunningham writes in his book – “History of Sikhs” that The China, Bhuraich, Chulye are famous clans of Jats. The existence of China clan in Jats proves that Jats had gone to China either for propagation of religion or to establish colonies. Jats had done both works in China.
De Guignes, who has written history of China, describes about Jats and states that Jats were the followers of Buddhism. De Guignes says as quoted by Elphinstone "That De Guignes, mentions, on Chinese authorities, the conquest of the country of the Indus (river) by body of Yuezhi or Getae (Jats), and that there are still Jits (Jats) on both sides of that river". Elphinstone supports the above statement by saying "The account of De Guignes has every appearance of truth". [5]
Distribution of China Jat Gotra
In Gurdaspur district the China population is 744. [1]
References
- Thakur Deshraj: Jat Itihas (Hindi), Maharaja Suraj Mal Smarak Shiksha Sansthan, Delhi, 1934, 2nd edition 1992.
- Kishori Lal Faujdar:Jat aur Iran Desh, Jat Samaj Magazine Agra, November 1997
- JAMES LEGGE : A RECORD OF BUDDHISTIC KINGDOMS (Being an Account by the Chinese Monk Fa-Hien of his Travels in India and Ceylon (A.D. 399-414) in Search of the Buddhist Books of Discipline Translated and annotated with a Corean recension of the Chinese text)
