History of Origin of Some Clans in India/Jat From Jutland/Jat strongholds in India
History of Origin of Some Clans in India
(with special Reference to Jats)
By Mangal Sen Jindal (1992)
Publisher - Sarup & Sons, 4378/4B, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi-110002, ISBN 81-85431-08-6
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Chapter 1: Jat From Jutland
Jat strongholds in India
Jat strongholds in India were (1) Bharatpur, (2) Dholpur, (3) Kocheswar, (4) Patiala, (5) Tilpat, (6) Sinsini, (7) Sogar, (8) Kamar near Kosi in Mathura District. (9) Deeg.
Arabia before prophet, was settled by Aryans since "the centre of worship at Macca was the Kaaba. This sacred temple containead embeded in the eastern corner, a redish-black stone
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which is believed to be a meteorite, it is semi-circular in shape and very small, measuring only some six inches by eight." History of Persia, Vol.I, page 506.
"Elam the home of the earliest civilization of Persia .... in the whole of the vast area of Iran, there is, as we have seen, but one navigable river, the Karun and it is in its valley that we find the earliest civilization in what was generally known as kingdom of Elam," History of Persia Vol. I, page 38.
"Elam as a kingdom had fallen and even if there still remained independent hill tribes, her memory passed away and was lost in a mist of fable and legend." History of Persia, Vol. I, page 93.
"El was the name given to Baal, the sun God, (the Lord), in the town Byblus." ..... , The story of extinct civilization of the East, page 99, by R. E. Anderson-1901. Edition published by George Newnes Ltd., Southampton Street, Strand, London.
"The civilization of the earliest Chaldeans implied a good knowledge of science in several leading branches....As astronomers and astrologers they used a regular calendar, the prototype probably of all those now adopted, dividing the year into four seasons, twelve lunar months or 360 days; and they also knew the exact length of 'the sidereal year'. The latitude of stars was reckoned from the zenith of Elam in their original Median mountains, just as we everywhere refer longitude to the Greenich meridian." The story of textinct civilization of the East by R.E. Anderson-190l Edition, page 29.
"Assur- Banipal's cuneiform records have, like the finding of King Sargon's cylinder at Sippar, fixed one of the early dates. In a war against the Elamities 645 B C, he destroyed their capital, Shushan, which is not far east of the Tigris, and tells us that he found there a Chaldean image which 1635 years previously, had been removed from the temple in Erech on the Eurphrates. Therefore in 2280 years BC, the Elamities had found wealthy temples in South Babylonia, a fact implying the
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residence of a cultured population for generations before." .... The story of extinct civilization of the East, page 42.
"After the fight between Ishdubar and the lion, which is missing in the tablets, the hero and the seer became fast friends and start against Kumbaba, an Elamite tyrant who lives in a gloomy forest of Cedars and Cypresses. It will be remembered that throughout Chaldean history the Elamites on the eastern frontier were bitter foes. The tyrant killed and his body left to 'all the birds of prey', Ishdubar is proclaimed king in Erech." . . . . .. The Story of Extinct Civilization of the East, page 46.
"The Cuneiform inscriptions record the accession of Cyrus to the throne of Persia with some details which can scarcely be reconciled with those traditions. Taking them as the true history, we now know that his father was really named Cambyses, and that he was a king of Elam, the mountainous country separating Persia from Babylonia. No doubt the nomad tribes of Elam were allied in race and language to their neighbours of Media and Persia and Cyrus on that score may be claimed as an Iranian, as well as Astyages. In 549 B.C. this king Cyrus was attacked by Astyages, king of Media, and the latter was not only repelled but deprived of his capital, Ecbatana. After conquering Persia, Cyrus naturally formed a new kingdom of the three countries- Persia, Media and Elam and called himself king, 546 BC. Cyrus was now 'the great king', as he is called by the Greek writers." .... The Story of Extinct Civilization of the East, page 165.
"The Persian monarch probably paid state visits to his great capitals from time to time, especially Babylon in the Chaldaean province, Ecbatana in Media, and less frequently, Sardis in Lydia, Susa, and Elam, where cyrus had held his court before setting at Persepolis, the chief seat of the Government" .... The Story of Extinct Civilization of the East, page 169.