Tiwana

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Tiwana (तिवाना)[1] Tiwan (तिवाण)/Tiwana (तिवाणा)[2] Tivana (तिवाणा)[3] Tivana (टिवाणा)[4] [5] is gotra of Jats in Haryana, Punjab, India and Pakistan.

Origin

This gotra originated from place name Tiwana. Tokhari language words 'trishar' and 'shar' means Vana. The variation of Tushar is Tiwana. [6]

History

Ram Swarup Joon[7] writes about Tiwana, Jonjoha: Both these two gotras consider themselves to be descendants of king Risalu of Sialkot. There is a well known saying among them that when the king was killed by the enemy his queen fled with her three princes called Taih, Jaihu and Saihu after whom the three gotra are named. Tiwana Hindus are Jats and Tiwana Muslims began to be called Rajputs. In the district of Shahpur there are two big villages called Hadali and Mitha Tiwana. Sir Umar Hayat Khan and Sir Khizr Hayat Khan belonged to Mitha Tiwana. Fateh Khan Motiyanwala who was a famous chieftain in the army of Raja Ranjit Singh of Lahore also belonged to Mitha Tiwana.


History of the Jats, End of Page-106


Tiwana Jats are found in the district of Karnal. Janjoha are all followers of Islam today. They are spread all through Western Punjab. Janjoha Rajputs also inhabited in the Salt Ranges.


Ram Sarup Joon[8] writes that...The Gondal, Tiwana, Janjeha, Dahiya, Chhonkar, Khokhar Rajputs converted from Jats in comparatively recent times.


H.A. Rose[9] writes that Raja Rasalu of Punjab folklore had by a paramour of the scavenger class four sons, Seo, Teo, Gheo, and Karu, from whom are respectively descended the Sials, Tiwanas, Ghebas, and Karrals. They intermarry with Gakkhars, Sayyids and Dhunds.

Tiwanas claim their ancestry from Raja Bhoj (Parmar Rajput Clan) who ruled India and had capital at Bhojpur in Madhya Pradesh, India. It is believed that Tiwanas settled in the Punjab region, in search for a fertile lands after the fall of Parmar kingdom. During the Bhakti movement in the 15th century, they followed Guru Nanak's {Founder of Sikhism} teachings and became Sikhs at the time.

Those who settled in the western Punjab became Muslims by accepting Islam at the hands of Hazrat Baba Fariduddin Ganjshakar. Commonly known as Baba Farid (ਬਾਬਾ ਫ਼ਰੀਦ), he was a 12th century Sufi preacher and saint of Punjab


Tiwana Hindus are Jats and Tiwana Muslims began to be called Rajputs.

In the district of Shahpur there are two big villages called Hadali and Mitha Tiwana. Sir Umar Hayat Khan and Sir Khizr Hayat Khan belonged to Mitha Tiwana. Fateh Khan, Motiyanwala who was a famous chieftain in the army of Maharaja Ranjit Singh also belonged to Mitha Tiwana.


Janjoha are all followers of Islam today. They are spread all through Western Punjab. Janjoha Rajputs also inhabited in the Salt Ranges.

तुषार-तिवाणा

दलीप सिंह अहलावत[10] के अनुसार गजनी पर मुसलमानों का अधिकार हो जाने से जो लल्ल गठवाले वहां रह गये वे मुसलमान बन गये और शेष गजनी छोड़कर सरगोधाभटिण्डा होते हुए हांसी (जि० हिसार) पहुंच गये और वहां पर हांसी के आस-पास अपना पंचायती राज्य स्थापित करके रहने लगे (हरिराम भाट की पोथी)।

जाटों का उत्कर्ष पृ० 332-333 पर योगेन्द्रपाल शास्त्री ने लिखा है कि -

“ऋषिक-तुषारों का दल जब जेहलम और चनाब के द्वाबे में आकर बसा तो इधर तुषार भाषा भेद से त्रिशर और शर के शब्दार्थ वाण होने से ये लोग तिवाण और तिवाणा कहलाने लगे। बौद्ध-धर्म के पतनकाल में भी बाद तक ये बौद्ध ही रहे और इस्लाम आने पर संघ रूप से मुसलमान बन गये। तुषारों का एक दल उपरोक्त द्वाबे के शाहपुर आदि स्थानों पर न बसकर सीधा इन्द्रप्रस्थ की ओर आ गया यहां इन्होंने विजय करके एक गांव बसाया जो आज विजवासन नाम से प्रसिद्ध है। यह हुमायूँनामे में लिखित है। यहां आज भी तुषार जाट बसे हैं। ये लोग यहीं से मेरठ में मवाना के समीप मारगपुर, तिगरी, खालतपुर, पिलौना और बिजनौर के छितावर गांवों में जाकर बस गये। हिन्दुओं में तिवाणा अभी भी जाटों में ही है। किन्तु इस वंश का वैभव मुसलमानों में ही देखा जा सकता है। इनके मलिक खिजरहयात खां तिवाणा को सम्मिलित पंजाब के प्रधानमंत्री पद की प्रतिष्ठा प्राप्त हुई। इनके शाहपुर जिले में सभी तिवाणा मुसलमान सम्पन्नता की दृष्टि से अत्यन्त वैभव प्राप्त हैं। ऋषिकों का दल तुषारों की तरह इस्लाम की ओर नहीं झुका यद्यपि मुग़लकाल में इन दोनों को ही मलिक की उपाधि दी गई थी। पश्चिमोत्तर भारत में जब इस्लाम फैलने लगा तब सामूहिक रूप से संगठित होकर ऋषिकों का यह दल झंग, मुलतान, बहावलपुर और भटिण्डा होते हुए हिसार में हांसी के पास देपाल (दीपालपुर) नामक स्थान पर अधिकार करके बस गया। इनके संगठन की श्रेष्ठता के कारण यह वंश संगठनवाला से गठवाला प्रसिद्ध हुआ।”

Distribution in Punjab

Villages in Patiala district

Tiwana village is in Dera Bassi tahsil in Patiala district, Punjab.

Distribution in Haryana

Tiwana Jats are found in the district of Karnal in Haryana.

Distribution in Pakistan

Tiwana - The Tiwana tribe, like many in Punjab, have both Rajput and Jat identity. The Khushab branch of the Tiwana claim to be Parmar Rajputs. Prior to partition, there were a fair number of Muslim Tiwanas in Patiala District. Most of these Tiwanas claim to be Jat. The Patiala Tiwanas migrated to Pakistan after partition. They are now found mainly in Sargodha district.

Prominent Tiwanas

  • Gurcharan Singh Tohra (Tiwana) "Pope of the Sikhs" popularly known as "Tohra" named after his village in Punjab, was President of SGPC (the Sikh gurdwara ruling body) for 27 years until his death in 2004. He served as member of the Lok Sabha (lower house) and Rajya Sabha (upper house) of Indian Parliament during his long political career. He always worked for the common public and was respected by the people from all walks of life.
  • Dr Dalip Kaur Tiwana, Leading Punjabi novelist, most popular and productive female writer of all times hails from Punjab. Dr. Tiwana is considered as one of the founders of modern Punjabi literature.
  • Harpal Singh Tiwana, one of the most prominent Punjabi playwrights of all time, and a Punjabi play and film long da lishkara maker/director. He performed "Bhangra" dance in various Hindi Bollywood films.
  • Sardar Sadhu Singh Tiwana who was the first Sikh Tiwana Sessions Judge in Patiala State.He belonged to the renouned Chinarthalia family of Patiala State. He was well known throughout the erstwhile Patiala state for his integrity and acumen.
  • Justice Charan Singh Tiwana,son of Sardar Sadhu Singh Tiwana, legendary Judge of the Punjab and Haryana High Court, who authored the famous Tiwana Commission Report that exposed police torture in the 1980s.
  • Justice Iqbal Singh Tiwana son of Sardar Sadhu Singh Tiwana, a reputed Judge and brilliant lawyer of the Punjab and Haryana High Court who had also served as Acting Chief Justice.
  • Sardar Teja Singh Tiwana son of Sardar Sadhu Singh Tiwana.

Tiwanas in Pakistan :

People’s Gallery

References


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