Atavi

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Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (Retd.)

Atavika (आटविक) is the north-eastern part of Madhya Pradesh and south-eastern part of Uttar Pradesh. [1] Atavika is mentioned in Mahabharata which was subjugated by Sahdeva on his victory march to the south.

Variants

Location

KP Jayaswal has identified Atavi with Bundelkhand and eastern Baghelkhand. [2]

Jat clans

History

The ancient name of Bharhut was Vardavati. Ptolemy in his 'Geography' has mentioned a city named 'Bardaotis' situated on the route from Ujjain to Pataliputra, which according to Alexander Cunningham is related with Bharhut. According to Tibetan 'Dhulva' a Shakya monk named Samyak was expelled from Kapilavastu and came to Bagud and built a stupa here. Alexander Cunningham tells us that Bagud is Bharhut. It has been mentioned to be within the Ātavī province of the ancient literature. Samudragupta has mentioned Atavi in the list of places won by him. KP Jayaswal has identified Atavi with Bundelkhand and eastern Baghelkhand. [3]


Sandhya Jain[4] mentions Mahabharata Tribes in 'Geography' and 'Tributes' whose Position is not Known whose side they fought Mahabharata War. This includes ...1. Atavisavara (अटवीशबर) - Refers to the tribes of mid- Vindhya region, and may be identical with the Atavika mentioned in the Puranas and the Allahabad Pillar Inscription of Samudragupta. Mentioned in geography of Mahabharata (VI.10.46). [5] The Mahabharata Tribe - Atavi (अटवी) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Atval (अटवाल) of Jats from Punjab. The Mahabharata Tribe - Shavara (शबर) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Shiwar (शीवर) of Jats from Rajasthan.

In Mahabharata

Atavika (अटविक) is mentioned in Mahabharata (II.28.10)/(2-32-16a), (3-255-19b),


Sabha Parva, Mahabharata/Book II Chapter 28 mentions Sahadeva's march towards south: kings and tribes defeated. Atavika (अटविक) is mentioned in Mahabharata (II.28.10)/(2-32-16a).[6].....After Avanti, the hero (Sahdeva) marched towards the town of Bhojakata and there, a fierce encounter took place between him and the king of that city for two whole days. But the son of Madri (Sahdeva), vanquishing the invincible Bhismaka, then defeated in battle the king of Kosala and the ruler of the territories lying on the banks of the Venwa, as also the Kantarakas and the kings of the eastern Kosalas. The hero (Sahdeva) then defeating both the Natakeyas and the Herambakas in battle, and subjugating the country of Marudha, reduced Ramyagrama by sheer strength. And the son of Pandu then vanquished the mighty monarchs of the Nachinas and the Arbukas and the various forest king of that part of the country. Endued with great strength the hero then reduced to subjection king Atavika. And defeating in battle the Pulindas, the hero then marched southward. And the younger brother of Nakula then fought for one whole day with the king of Pandya.


Karna's conquests: Vana Parva, Mahabharata/Book III Chapter 255 describes Karna's victory march and countries subjugated. Atavika (आटविक) is mentioned in Mahabharata (3-255-19b).[7] .... And, having conquered the entire earth--east, west, north and south--that hero without any aid brought under subjection all the nations of the Mlechchhas (म्लेच्छ) (3-255-19b), Atavika (आटविक) (3-255-19b), the mountaineers (Parvatanivasina) (पर्वतनिवासिन) (3-255-19b), the Bhadras (भद्रा) (3-255-20a), the Rohitakas (रोहितक) (3-255-20a), the Agneyas (आग्रेय) (3-255-20a) and the Malavas (मालव) (3-255-20a).

अटवी

अटवी (AS, p.17): विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर[8] ने लिखा है....प्राचीन काल में बेतवा नदी के दोनों ओर के प्रदेश का जो विंध्याचल की तराई में बसे होने के कारण वनाच्छादित था, इस नाम से अभिधान किया जाता था. महाभारत काल में अटवी पुलिंदों की बस्ती थी। महाभारत (सभा. 29, 10) (II.26.10) में पुलिंदनगर पर भीम ने अपनी दिग्विजय-यात्रा के प्रसंग में अधिकार कर लिया था। वायु पुराण (45, 126) में भी आटवियों का उल्लेख है।--'कारुषाश्च सहैषीकाटव्या: शवरास्तथा.' गुप्तसम्राट समुद्रगुप्त ने चौथी शती ई. में अटवी के सब राजाओं पर विजय प्राप्त करके उन्हें 'परिचारक' बना दिया था। ('परिचारकीकृतसर्वाटिवीकराजस्य'- समुद्रगुप्त की प्रयाग-प्रशस्ति) हर्षचरित में बाणभट्ट ने भी 'विंध्याटवी' का सुंदर वर्णन किया है। अटवी में ही राज्यश्री की खोज करते समय हर्ष की भेंट बौद्ध भिक्षु 'दिवाकरमित्र' से हुई थी। अटवी को आटविक प्रदेश भी कहा गया है। (दे.कोटाटवी, वटाटवी)

आटविक

आटविक: वर्तमान मध्य प्रदेश का पूर्वोत्तर तथा उत्तर प्रदेश का दक्षिण पूर्वी भाग जो वनों के आधिक्य के कारण अटवी कहलाता था. इसके कोटाटवी तथा वटाटवी नामक भाग थे. आटविक राज्य उत्तर में गाजीपुर से लेकर जबलपुर तक फैले थे। [9]

कोटाटवी

कोटाटवी (AS, p.230) - आटविक प्रदेश (मध्य प्रदेश का पूर्वोत्तर तथा उत्तर प्रदेश का दक्षिण पूर्वी भाग जो वनों के आधिक्य के कारण अटवी कहलाता था), इसके कोटाटवी तथा वटाटवी नामक भाग थे. इसका उल्लेख संध्याकरनन्दिरचित रामचरित (पृ.36) की टीका में किया गया है. [10]

विंध्याटवी

विंध्याटवी (AS, p.849) - विंध्याटवी प्राचीन वन प्रदेश था (दे. अटवी), जिसका वर्णन वाणभट्ट ने 'हर्षचरित' में किया है। यह विंध्याचल का वन प्रदेश था। अपने स्वामी गृहवर्मा के मारे जाने के पश्चात् राज्यश्री का विंध्याटवी के वन में प्रवेश करने का बाण ने उल्लेख इस प्रकार किया है- 'देव देवभूयं गते देवेराज्यवर्धने गुप्तनाम्ना च गृहीते कुशस्थले देवी राज्यश्रीः परिमृश्यबंधनाद्विंध्याटवीं सपरिवारा प्रविष्टेति। ('हर्षचरित', उच्छ्वास 6)[11]

In Mahabharata

Atavi (अटवी) is mentioned in Mahabharata (VI.10.46), (VIII.30.45),

Atavika (आटविक) in Mahabharata (3-255-19b)


Bhisma Parva, Mahabharata/Book VI Chapter 10 describes geography and provinces of Bharatavarsha. Atavi (अटवी) province is mentioned in Mahabharata (VI.10.46).[12]


Karna's conquests: Vana Parva, Mahabharata/Book III Chapter 255 describes Karna's victory march and countries subjugated. Atavika (आटविक) is mentioned in Mahabharata (3-255-19b).[13] .... And, having conquered the entire earth--east, west, north and south--that hero without any aid brought under subjection all the nations of the Mlechchhas (म्लेच्छ) (3-255-19b), Atavika (आटविक) (3-255-19b), the mountaineers (Parvatanivasina) (पर्वतनिवासिन) (3-255-19b), the Bhadras (भद्रा) (3-255-20a), the Rohitakas (रोहितक) (3-255-20a), the Agneyas (आग्रेय) (3-255-20a) and the Malavas (मालव) (3-255-20a).


Karna Parva/Mahabharata Book VIII Chapter 30 gives description blaming the Vahikas and Madrakas and the countries to be avoided. Atavi (अटवी) is mentioned in Mahabharata (VIII.30.45). [14]...The Karasakaras, the Mahishakas, the Kalingas, the Karkotakas, the Atavis, the Virakas, and other peoples of no religion, one should always avoid. (VIII.30.45)

External links

References

  1. Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.61
  2. Abha Singh, Bharhut Stoopa Gatha (Hindi), Ed. Ramnarayan Singh Rana, Satna, 2007, p. 119
  3. Abha Singh, Bharhut Stoopa Gatha (Hindi), Ed. Ramnarayan Singh Rana, Satna, 2007, p. 119
  4. Sandhya Jain: Adi Deo Arya Devata - A Panoramic View of Tribal-Hindu Cultural Interface, Rupa & Co, 7/16, Ansari Road Daryaganj, New Delhi, 2004,p.127
  5. अपरन्ध्राश च शूद्राश च पह्लवाश चर्म खण्डिकाः । अटवी शबराश चैव मरु भौमाश च मारिष (VI.10.46).
  6. तांस्तानाटविकान्सर्वानजयत्पाण्डुनन्दनः। 2-32-16a नाताधिपं च नृपतिं वशे चक्रे महाबलः।। 2-32-16b
  7. सम्लेच्छाटविकान्वीरः सपर्वतनिवासिनः (3-255-19b)
  8. Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.17
  9. Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.61-62
  10. Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.230
  11. Aitihasik Sthanavali by Vijayendra Kumar Mathur, p.849
  12. अपरन्ध्राश च शूद्राश च पह्लवाश चर्म खण्डिकाः, अटवी शबराश चैव मरु भौमाश च मारिष (VI.10.46)
  13. सम्लेच्छाटविकान्वीरः सपर्वतनिवासिनः (3-255-19b)
  14. कारः करान महिषकान कलिङ्गान कीकटाटवीन, कर्कॊटकान वीरकांश च दुर्धर्मांश च विवर्जयेत (VIII.30.45)