Poona

Author:Laxman Burdak, IFS (R)

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Map of Pune city

Map of Pune District

Poona (पूना) or Pune (पुणे) is a city and district of the western Indian state of Maharashtra. It serves as the administrative capital of Pune district.

Variants of name

• Punyapattana पुण्यपत्तन = Puna पूना (AS, p.564)
• Puna पूना, महा., (AS, p.574)
• Pune (पुणे)
• Punyanagari (पुण्यनगरी)
• Punnaka (पुन्नक) Punnaka was a Yakkha chief, nephew of Vessavana (J.vi.255). The story of how he won the Nāga maiden Irandatī is related in the Vidhurapandita Jātaka. In his previous birth he had been a young man named Kaccāyana in the Anga country. J.vi.273f.; he is also called Kātiyāna (Kaccāna). He is also referred to as Punnakaraja (J.iv.182). See https://www.jatland.com/home/Bharhut_inscriptions Corner Pillars — N. Gate. 75. Vitura Punakiya Jātakam. = " The Vidhura (and) Punnaka Birth."5 Ref The stūpa of Bharhut page. 137 The Stupa of Bharhut: Buddhist Legend & History, 3rd century BC, by Alexander Cunningham 1879.
• Punyaka (पुण्यक)
• Punwadi (पुनवडी).

Origin

• The name is said to be derives from Punia clan of the Jats.

• Pune is derived from Punyanagari. The City was known as Punnaka (पुन्नक) or Punyaka (पुण्यक) in 8th century. Later it was called Punwadi (पुनवडी).

Location

It is situated 560 metres above sea level on the Deccan plateau, at the confluence of the Mula and Mutha river . The nearest port is Mumbai, 150 kilometres to the west.

Jat Gotras

• Bhadala,
• Bhambu,
• Bola,
• Dangi,
• Dhayal,
• Godara,
• Gora,
• Jakhar
• Kadolia,
• Khatkar,
• Khatri,
• Mokad,
• Mundel,
• Sihag,

History

According to Hukam Singh Pawar (Pauria) , In all probability the Punia or Pauniyas belong to the followers of Pani leader Bribu. It is possible that a branch of Pani or Puni migrated from Sapta Sindhu to south India where they were known as Pani or Paunika , identified , , with the Punaka-Visaya of Talegaon inscription i.e. modern Poona or Pune, which may be their earlier settlement. The Punaiyyas or Panayyas of the South also betray their ancestry from the Panis. While Sivis, Mallavas etc. migrated from the Indus Valley after Alexander’s invasion to Rajasthan where they still survive in the Sivis, Shivranas, Mall or Malli Jats, the Punia or Pauniya Jats of Rajasthan, are likely to be the descendants of the Panis, who were deprived of their wealth by their brethren Aryan opponents, and were compelled to settle down in their new home from the valley much earlier. The Punias were allowed by Aryans to remain in their Indian home in return for liberal donations by Bribu , , to the Aryans (the Bharatas) for which he was held in high esteem by them where as the rest of Panis, who refused to donate likewise, were chased , to the western lands. Babylonia, known as Brbyru to the Vedic Indians, is said to be the city of Bribu, (a wealthy leader of the Panis), by Weber, (Kalyanaramana, 1969, 112). It is interesting to note that the leaders of Panis who migrated , to America in the pre-Aztec times from India, are depicted as robust, standing erect with folded hands, having Rajasthani features, with their head adorned with Marwari pagrees.

The circular Nandi mandapa at the Pataleshwar

The name Pune derives from Punya Nagari (Sanskrit, "City of Virtue"). The oldest reference to this name is on a Rashtrakoota copper plate dated to 937, in which the town is refered to as as Punya-Vishaya or Punak Vishaya. By the 13th century, it had come to be known as Kasbe Pune or Punavadi (Marath], "Town of Pune").

In the 19th century, it was refered to as Poona by British administrators. Since 1947, both spellings have been in use, but Pune has dominated for the last decade.

Copper plates dated to 758 and 768 show that, by the 8th century, an agricultural settlement known as Punnaka existed where Pune is today. The plates indicate that this region was ruled by the Rashtrakutas. The Pataleshwar rock-cut temple complex was also built during this era.

Pune was a part of Yadava Empire of Deogiri from the 9th century to 1327. It was later ruled by the Nizamshahi sultans, until it was annexed by the Mughal empire in the 17th century. In 1595, Maloji Bhosale was appointed the Jahagirdar of Pune and Supe by the Mughals.

In Mahabharata

Punyanama (पुण्यनामा) Mahabharata (IX.44.55)

Shalya Parva, Mahabharata/Book IX Chapter 44 describes the Kings and clans who joined the ceremony for investing Kartikeya with the status of generalissimo. Punyanama (पुण्यनामा) is mentioned in Mahabharata (IX.44.55).....Punyanama, Sunama, Suvaktra, Priyadarshana, Parisruta, Kokanada, Priya, Malyanulepana,....

पूना, महाराष्ट्र

विजयेन्द्र कुमार माथुर ने लेख किया है .....पूना (AS, 574): महाराष्ट्र का सांस्कृतिक केंद्र तथा पेशवाओं की प्रसिद्ध राजधानी है. यह नगरी मुल्ला तथा मुठा नदियों के बीच में स्थित है. पुणे का सर्वप्रथम ऐतिहासिक उल्लेख 1599 ई. का मिलता है. 1750 ई. में पेशवा ने पहले-पहल [p.575]: यहां अपनी राजधानी स्थापित की थी. इससे पहले शिवाजी तथा उनके वंशजों की राजधानी सतारा में थी. 1817 ई. में पेशवा की खिड़की नामक स्थान में हार हो जाने के बाद पूना पर अंग्रेजों का अधिकार हो गया. पुणे में पार्वती देवी का एक अति प्राचीन मंदिर है जो खड़कवासला के मार्ग में स्थित है. शिवाजी का प्रसिद्ध दुर्ग सिंहगढ़ पुणे से 15 मील दूर है. शिवाजी से संबंधित दूसरा प्रसिद्ध किला पुरंदर यहां से 24 मील है पुणे का प्राचीन नाम Sinhagadha कहते हैं.

पूना परिचय

पुणे भूतपूर्व पूना शहर, महाराष्ट्र राज्य, दक्षिण पश्चिम भारत, मूला और मूथा नदियों के संगम स्थल पर स्थित है। महाराष्ट्र का एक प्रमुख नगर है। यह नगर शिवाजी तथा उनके पुत्र एवं उत्तराधिकारी शम्भाजी (शुम्भजी) की राजधानी था। इसे क्‍वीन ऑफ़ द दक्कन के नाम से भी जाना जाता है। ‘दक्कन की रानी’ के नाम से विख्यात पुणे मराठियों की सांस्कृतिक राजधानी है। इसके अतिरिक्त वर्तमान समय में पुणे सूचना तकनीकी के क्षेत्र में भी सक्रिय रूप से विकसित हो रहा है।

स्थापना: शाहू अपनी राजधानी पुणे से हटाकर सतारा ले गया। 1749 ई. में उसकी मृत्यु के बाद पेशवा बालाजी बाजीराव ने उसे फिर मराठा राज्य की राजधानी बना दिया। अंतिम पेशवा बाजीराव द्वितीय के हार जाने तथा अपदस्थ किये जाने के बाद इसका महत्त्व घट गया। कुछ समय तक इस पर मुग़लों का क़ब्ज़ा रहा, लेकिन बाद में 1714 से यह पुनः मराठा राज्य की राजधानी बन गया। अंततः 1817 ई. में यह अंग्रेज़ों के अधिकार में चला गया। इसने मुम्बई प्रेजिडेंसी की मौसमी राजधानी की भूमिका निभाई और आज़ादी के बाद यह विकासशील देश बन गया, जो हर दिशा में फैल रहा था। विशेष रूप से इसका विस्तार पुणे-मुंबई रेल और सड़क मार्गों के समानांतर हुआ, जो पिंपरी और चिंचवड से गुज़रते हैं। यहाँ पर भण्डारकर ओरिएंटल रिसर्च इंस्टिट्यूट (स्थापना 1917 ई.) है, जो प्राच्य अध्ययन एवं शोध के लिए विख्यात है।

भारत के महाराष्ट्र राज्य का पुणे एक महत्त्वपूर्ण शहर है। पुणे महाराष्ट्र के पश्चिम भाग, मुला व मुठा इन दो नदियों के किनारे बसा है, और ज़िले का प्रशासकीय मुख्यालय है। भारत का पुणे सातवाँ सबसे बड़ा शहर व महाराष्ट्र का दूसरा सबसे बड़ा शहर है। पुणे सार्वजनिक सुखसुविधा व विकास के हिसाब से महाराष्ट्र में मुंबई के बाद अग्रेसर है। इस शहर में अनेक नामांकित शिक्षण संस्था होने के कारण इसे 'पूरब का ऑक्सफ़ोर्ड' भी कहा जाता है।

इतिहास: पुणे नाम पुण्यनगरी नाम से आया है। यह शहर आठवीं शताब्दी में 'पुन्नक' (या 'पुण्यक') नाम से जाना जाता था, ऐसा संदर्भ मिलता है। कुछ समय बाद यह 'कसबे पुणे' या 'पुनवडी' नाम से जाना जाने लगा। मराठा साम्राज्य के काल खंड में शहर का नाम 'पुणे' के रूप में उपयोग में लाया जाने लगा। ब्रिटिश ने उसे 'पूना' कह कर संबोधित करने की शुरुआत की। अब यह आधिकारिक नाम पुणे से जाना जाता है।

पुणे शिवाजी महाराज के जीवन व मराठा साम्राज्य के इतिहास का एक महत्त्वपूर्ण अंग है। इस प्रकार मराठों और अंग्रेज़ों, दोनों को अपनी-अपनी शक्ति और कमज़ोरी का पता चल गया और अगले बीस वर्षों तक उनके बीच शांति रही। मराठा सरदारों में आपसी दुश्मनी और प्रतिद्वन्द्विता चलती रही और 25 अक्टूबर, 1802 ई. को तत्कालीन पेशवा बाजीराव द्वितीय को अपने चंगुल में करने के लिए शिन्दे और होल्कर में पूना के बाहर युद्ध हुआ। बाजीराव द्वितीय कायर और षड़यंत्रकारी था और उसे राज्य के हित की कोई चिन्ता नहीं थी। जिस समय पूना का युद्ध चल ही रहा था, वह प्रतिद्वन्द्वी मराठा सरदारों के चंगुल से अपने को बचाने के लिए पूना से भागकर बसई अंग्रेज़ों की शरण में चला गया। वहाँ उसने 31 दिसम्बर, 1802 ई. को बसई की लज्जाजनक संधि कर ली, जिसके द्वारा उसने पेशवा पद फिर से प्राप्त करने का मनोरथ बनाया था। इस प्रकार बाजीराव द्वितीय ने मराठा राज्य की स्वतंत्रता बेच दी और वह अंग्रेज़ों के द्वारा पुनः पूना की गद्दी पर आसीन कर दिया गया। परन्तु मराठा सरदारों, विशेष रूप से शिन्दे, भोंसले और होल्कर ने इस व्यवस्था को स्वीकार नहीं किया और फलस्वरूप दूसरा मराठा-युद्ध (1803-05 ई.) छिड़ गया।

यह शहर 17वीं शताब्दी में निज़ामशाही, आदिलशाही, मुग़ल ऐसे विभिन्न राजवंशो का अंग रहा है। 17वीं शताब्दी में शाहजी भोंसले को निज़ामशाहा ने पुणे की जमींदारी दी थी। उनकी पत्नी जीजाबाई ने इस जमींदारी में 1627 में शिवनेरी क़िले पर शिवाजी राजे भोंसले को जन्म दिया। शिवाजी महाराज ने अपने साथियों के साथ पुणे परिसर में मराठा साम्राज्य की स्थापना की। इस काल में पुणे में शिवाजी महाराज का वर्चस्व था। पेशवा के काल में 1749 सातारा को छत्रपति की गद्दी और राजधानी बना कर पुणे को मराठा साम्राज्य की 'प्रशासकीय राजधानी' बना दिया गया। पुणे की पेशवा के काल में काफ़ी तरक़्क़ी हुई। 1818 तक पुणे में मराठों का राज्य था।

मराठा साम्राज्य: शिवाजी महाराज के जीवन व मराठा साम्राज्य के इतिहास का पुणे एक महत्त्वपूर्ण अंग है। जीजाबाई व शिवाजी महाराज जब 1635 से 1636 के दरमयान पुणे आवास के लिए आए, तब से पुणे के इतिहास में एक नए पर्व का जन्म हुआ। शिवाजी महाराज व जीजामाता पुणे में लाल महल में रहते थे। पुणे के ग्रामदेवता- कसबा गणपती की स्थापना जीजाबाई ने की थी।

स्वतंत्रता संग्राम: पुणे के नेताओं और समाज सुधारकों ने भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान दिया। लोकमान्य तिलक और सावरकर जैसे नेताओं के कारण पुणे राष्ट्र के नक़्शे पर अपने महत्त्व को दर्शाता रहा। महादेव गोविंद रानडे, विठ्ठल रामजी शिंदे, गोपाल कृष्ण गोखले जैसे समाजसुधारक व राष्ट्रीय ख्याती के नेता पुणे से थे।

भूगोल: पुणे का मध्यबिंदु पुणे जी.पी.ओ पोस्ट ऑफिस के बाहर है। जी.पी.ओ. पुणे सह्याद्रि पर्वत के पूर्व, और समुद्रतल से 560 मीटर (1,837 फुट) की ऊचाँई पर है। भीमा नज़दीकी उपनदियाँ मुला व मुठा के संगम पर यह शहर बसा है। पवना व इंद्रायणी ये नदियाँ पुणे शहर के उत्तर-पश्चिम दिशा में बहती है। शहर का सर्वोच्च बिंदु वेताल टेकडी (समुद्रतल से 800 मीटर) है, और शहर के पास का सिंहगड़ क़िले की ऊचाँई 1300 मीटर है। पुणे शहर कोयना भूकंप क्षेत्र में आता है जो पुणे शहर से 100 किलोमीटर दक्षिण दिशा में है। पुणे में मध्यम व छोटे भूकंप आए हैं।

संदर्भ: भारतकोश-पुणे

जाट महासभा महाराष्ट्र: जाट भूषण सम्मान समारोह

जाट महासभा महाराष्ट्र: जाट भूषण सम्मान समारोह

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विषय: अखिल भारतीय जाट महासभा महाराष्ट्र कार्यकारणी पदाधिकारी अधिवेशन एवम जाट समाज के गौरवशाली विभूतियों को "जाट भूषण" सम्मान से सम्मानित करना |

8 सितंबर, 2024 सुबह 10:00 बजे से दोपहर 4:00 बजे तक पुणे के होटल शांताई में अखिल भारतीय जाट महासभा महाराष्ट्र की सम्पूर्ण पदाधिकारियों की बैठक अधिवेशन का आयोजन किया गया | कार्यक्रम की शुरवात राष्ट्रगीत के साथ की गई | विशेष अतिथि माननीय डॉक्टर भगवान जी सहाय (IAS सेवानिवृत्त), माननीय के पी रघुवंशी (IPS सेवानिवृत्त), राजस्थान के ट्री मैन, पर्यावरण प्रेमी और नागौर जिले के निवासी पदमश्री हिम्मताराम जी भाम्भू जी, IAS शेखर सिंह जी (PCMC कमिश्नर, IIT गुवाहाटी एल्यूमिनस) कर्नल बलदेव सिंह जी (पर्यावरण प्रेमी और समाज सेवी) को " जाट भूषण " सम्मान से सम्मानित किया गया |

सभी विभूतियों ने समाज को संगठित होकर रहने और कार्यकारणी का विस्तार करने का सुझाव दिया इससे हम और हमारी भावी पीढ़ी भविष्य में जरूरत पड़ने पर एक दूसरे के साथ सहकार्य करके आगे बढ़ सकते है | शिक्षा, खेल, नौकरी, व्यापार सभी क्षेत्र में हम एक दूसरे को हमारी क्षमता और पद के जरिए सहायता करनी चाहिए यह विचार व्यक्त किए गए | समाज से नशा, मृत्यूभोज जैसी कुप्रथाए दूर करने के सतत प्रयास करने चाहिए यह प्रस्ताव रख कोशिश करने का निश्चय किया गया |

आदरणीय श्री मंगलचंद जी चौधरी (अध्यक्ष अखिल भारतीय जाट महासभा, महाराष्ट्र) की अध्यक्षता में इस आयोजन की सम्पूर्ण जिम्मेदारी श्री राजेंद्र जी गिल, श्री शिवजीराम जी चौधरी, श्री राजेंद्र जी चौधरी, श्री ओमप्रकाश जी चौधरी, कैप्टन चमनसिंह जी सिरोही इन्होंने बहुत बखूबी निभाई | सम्पूर्ण महाराष्ट्र जाट समाज को एक सूत्र में जोड़ने के वर्षो से किए जा रहे इनके प्रयास अत्यंत सराहनीय है | इस बैठक में सम्पूर्ण महाराष्ट्र के अलग अलग जिलों के अखिल भारतीय जाट महासभा के पदाधिकारी और अन्य विशेष अतिथि भी उपस्थित रहे |

श्री वेद प्रकाश जी निर्भया (CIO , Vice President Tech Mahindra) जी ने अपनी उपस्तिथि के साथ आज के युवाओ को मार्गदर्शन दिया |

श्री राजेंद्र जी गिल (वरिष्ठ उपाध्यक्ष अखिल भारतीय जाट महासभा महाराष्ट्र) ने महाराष्ट्र जाट महासभा के लिए एक विशेष एप्लीकेशन बनाया है ( महा जाट चौपाल ) जिसके चलते हम सभी महाराष्ट्र के किसी भी जिले के जाट सिर्फ एक दूसरे से सिर्फ एक बटन दबाते ही बड़ी आसानी से जुड़ सकते है | इस ऐप की जानकारी सभी सदस्यों के सामने प्रस्तुत कर इसके समाज के लिए होनेवाले भिन्न फायदे भी सभी तक बहुचने का निर्णय लिया गया ताकि जल्द ही इसे अम्ल में लाया जा सके | इस ऐप के जरिए हम सभी जाट विवाह प्रस्ताव की जानकारी, खेल, शिक्षा, जन्मदिन, व्यापार, और अन्य हर तरह की सभी सामाजिक जानकारी एक दूसरे से बड़ी आसानी से आदानप्रदान कर सकते है | टेक्नोलॉजी का सही इस्तेमाल राजेंद्र जी ने समाज के लिए बखूबी किया है | यह ऐप सभी महाराष्ट्र के जाटों के लिए जल्द ही दीपावली तक उपलब्ध होगा |

श्री नीलकंठ जी रांगी (सेवानिवृत्त शिक्षक) जाट बाविसी के मालेगांव निवासी ने महाराष्ट्र के जाटों के इतिहास का और जाट बाविसी का सम्पूर्ण विवरण करने वाली किताब लिख रहे है जिसमे जाट-मराठा राजनीतिक संबंधों का भी विश्लेषण किया गया है | लेखन पूर्ण होने पर जल्द ही इस किताब को भी महाराष्ट्र के सभी जाट और अन्य मराठा भाईयो तक पहुंचाया जाएगा ताकि हमारे अस्तित्व और महाराष्ट्र राज्य के लिए किया गया जाट वीरों का योगदान सभी तक पहुंच पाए |

बैठक में अखिल भारतीय जाट महासभा महाराष्ट्र के महिला पक्ष की कार्यकारणी का गठन किया गया जिसमे अलग अलग जिलों से महिला कार्यकर्ताओ को पद दिए गए | मातृशक्ति को आगे आकर समाज के लिए कार्य कर योगदान देने का अवसर मिला | वीर तेजाजी महाराज और वीर शिरोमणि जाट गौरव महाराजा सूरजमल जी के जयघोष के साथ कार्यक्रम का समापन हुआ। |

साथ ही सभी सम्मानित विभूति श्री चंद्रहास जी दलाल, IAS शेखर सिंह जी, हिम्मताराम जी भांभू, मंगलचंद जी चौधरी, राजेंद्र जी सिंह गिल, शिवजिराम चौधरी, ओमप्रकाश जी चौधरी, कैप्टन चमन सिंह जी सिरोही, वेद प्रकाश जी निर्भय की उपस्तिथि में दुर्गा देवी टेकडी, पुणे यहा 9 सितंबर, 2024 को सुबह 11:00 बजे वृक्षारोपण अभियान के दौरान पेड़ पौधे लगाए गए | वृक्ष और पर्यावरण ही हमारी खरी संपत्ति है और इनके प्रति हमे हमेशा आभारी रहना चाहिए |

वीर तेजाजी महाराज की जय 🙏🏻 जय जाट एकता 🙏🏻

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Poona Plates of 13th year of Prabhavatigupta

No.2: Plate II Poona Plates of Prabhavatigupta Originally belonged to the Hinganghat tahsil

Source - Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.5 (inscriptions Of The Vakatakas), Edited by Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, 1963, Archaeological Survey of India, p.5-9

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Sanskrit Text First plate १ द्रष्टम् [।*] सिद्धम् [।*] जितम्भगवता [।*] स्वस्ति [।*] नान्दिवर्द्धनादासीद्गुप्तादि[राजो] म[हाराज] २ श्रीघटोत्कचस्तस्य सत्पुत्रो महाराजश्री चन्द्रगुप्तस्तस्य सत्पुत्रो- ३ नेकाश्वमेधयाजी लिच्छविदो(दौ)हित्रौ महादेव्या कुमारदेव्यामुत्पन्नो ४ महाराजाधिराजश्रीसमुद्रगुप्तस्तस्य(त्स)त्पुत्रस्तत्पादपारिगृहीत ५ पृथिव्यामप्रतिरथस्सर्व्वराजोछे(च्छे)त्ता चतुरुदधिसलिलास्वादित- ६ यशा नेकगोहिरण्यकोटिसहस्त्रप्रद=परमभागवतो महारा- ७ जाधिराजश्रीसमुद्रगुप्तस्तस्य दुहिता धारणसगोत्रा नागकुलसम्भू- ८ ताया (या) श्रीमहादेव्या कुबेरनागायामुत्पन्नोभयकुलालङ्कारभूतात्यन्तभगवद्भक्ता ९ वाकाटकाना महाराजश्रीरुद्रसेनस्याग्रमहिषी युवराज- १० [श्री]दिवाकरसेनजननी श्रीप्रभावति(ती)गुप्ता सुप्रतिष्ठाहारे Second plate ११ विलवणकस्य पूर्व्वपार्श्वे शीर्षग्रामस्य दक्षिणपार्श्वे कदापिन्जनस्यापरवा[र्श्वे] १२ सिदिविवरकस्योत्तरपार्श्वे दङ्गुणग्रामे ब्रह्मणाद्यान्ग्रामकुटुम्बिन=कुशल- १३ मुक्तवा समाज्ञापयति [।*]विदितमस्तु वो यथाम ग्रामोस्वाभि स्वपुण्याप्यायना[र्थ] १४ कर्त्तिकशुक्लद्वादश्या(श्या) भगवत्पादमूले निवेद्य भगवद्भक्ताचार्य्यचनालस्वामिने पूर्व्व- १५ दत्त्या उदकपूर्व्वमतिसृष्टो यतो भवद्भिरुचितमर्य्यादया सर्व्वाज्ञा=कर्तव्या[*]पूर्व्व- १६ [राज्जा]नुमताश्चात्र चातुर्विद्याग्रहारपरिहारान्वितरामस्तद्यथाभट्च्छत्र प्रावेश्य १७ आचारासनचर्म्माङ्गारकिण्व क्रेणिखनक अपा [र*]म्पर[*]अ[खनि]मेध्य अपुष्पक्षीरस[न्दोह] १८ सनिधिस्सोपनिधिस्सकृपतोपकृप्त [।*]न[त] देष भविष्यद्राजभिस्सरक्षितव्य [*] परिवर्द्ध- १९ यितव्यश्च [।*] यश्चास्मच्छासनमगणयमानस्सवल्पामप्यत्राबाधा(धा) कुर्य्यात्कारयीत वा २० तस्य ब्राह्मणे(णै)रावेदितस्य सदण्डनिग्रह कुर्य्याम [।*] व्यास्गि(गी)तश्चात्र श्लोको भवति [।*] २१ स्वदत्ताम्परदत्ता(त्ता) वा यो हरेत वसुन्धरा(राम्) [।*] गवा(वां) शतसहस्त्रस्यहन्तु-र्हरति दुष्कृतम् [॥*] २२ सवत्सरे च त्रयोदशमे लिखितमिद(द) शासनम(म्) [।*] चक्क्रदासेनोत्कट्टितम [।*] Seal १ वाकाटकललामस्य २ [क्र]मप्राप्तनृपश्रिय [।*] ३ जनन्या युवराजस्य ४ शासन रिपुशास[न][म्।।*]

Poona Plates of 13th year of Prabhavatigupta

[p.5]: These copper-plates were found in the possession of one Balwant Bhau Nagarkar, a coppersmith of Poona who originally hailed from Ahmadnagar in the Maharashtra State. They are said to have been preserved as an heirloom in his family for some generations. They, however, seem to have originally belonged to the Hinganghat (हिंगणघाट) tahsil of the Wardha District in Vidarbha; for, as shown below, most of the places mentioned in this grant can be located in that tahsil. The plates were at first very briefly noticed by Prof. K. B. Pathak in the Indian Antiquary, Vol. XLI, pp. 214-15. Their importance was immediately recognised and the information furnished by them was utilised by V.A.Smith in his article entitled ‘ The Vakataka Dynasty of the Central Provinces and Berar ’ published in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society for 1914, pp. 317 f. They were later edited with facsimiles and an English translation by K. B. Pathak and K. N. Dikshit in the Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XV, pp. 40 f. They are edited here from the same facsimiles as their present whereabouts are not known.

The plates are two in number,......contains four lines of inscription, with figures of the sun and the moon above and a flower at the bottom. The weight of the plates and the ring is 97 tolas. The record is engraved only on the inner side of the two plates, the first containing 10 lines, and the second, 12 lines. The letters on the first plate are somewhat larger than those on the second; the average size of the former is 1/4" and that of the latter is 3/16". The writing is in a fair state of preservation.

The characters are mostly of the nail-headed variety having a triangle with its apex downwards at the top of the letters. A few letters, however, are of the boxheaded type in which all other inscriptions of the Vakatakas were written. See, e.g., Vakataka- in line 1 of the seal and si of siddham in line 1 on the first plate. It is noteworthy that besides their box-heads, some of these letters (e.g. v and s) have forms which are different from those noticed elsewhere in this grant. They agree with those in other grants of boxheaded characters. It would seem therefore that the scribe began to write the present grant in box-headed characters, but not being accustomed to them, he soon changed over to nailheaded characters with which he was more familiar. He may have hailed from North India where the nail-headed characters were in vogue.

The characters show an admixture of northern and southern peculiarities, the former predominating over the latter. Thus, g and s have a loop at the lower end of their left member; ṇ has its vertical and upper bar divided into two; sh and ś are looped, but t and m are not; the vertical of I is shortened and the tail of h turns sharply to the left. Besides these northern characteristics, the following southern ones may also be noticed: a, k and r have a curve turned to the left at the bottom of their verticals; the lingual ḍ is round-backed; the medial ṛi is shown by a curve turned to the left in sa-kṛipt-opakṛiptaḥ, line 18, but in pṛithivyām-.

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[p.6]:line 5 and -atisṛishṭo in line 15 the curve turns to the right. The jihvāmūlīya occurs twice in lines 12 and 15, and the upadhmānīya once only in line 6. The language is Sanskrit and except for two verses, one on the seal and the other of the usual imprecatory type at the end, the whole record is in prose. As regards orthography, we may notice the reduplication of the consonant after r as in Nāndivarddhanāt in line 1 and the use of ri for ṛi in drishtam in the margin of lines 2-3.

The record comences with drishtam, ‘ seen ’. The plates were issued from Nandivardhana (नान्दिवर्द्धन) by Prabhavatigupta (प्रभावतीगुप्त), the chief queen of the Vakataka Maharaja Rudrasena (II) and mother of the Yuvarāja Divākarasena (दिवाकरसेन). She was then acting as Regent for her minor son. The plates record the grant of the village Danguna (दंगुण) which the dowager queen made to Acharya Chanālasvāmin on the twelfth tithi of the bright fortnight of Karttika, evidently after observing a fast on the preceding Prabodhini Ekadasi. Prabhavatigupta is described as a fervent devotee of the Bhagavat (i.e. Vishnu). She first offered the gift to the foot-prints of the Bhagavat, who is probably the same as Rāmagirisvāmin mentioned in her later Riddhapur plates, and then made it over to the Acharya. The donated village was situated in the Supratishṭha āhāra (सुप्रतिष्ठाहार), and lay to the east of Vilavaṇaka (विलवणक), to the south of Śirshagrama (शीर्षग्राम)(Śirīshagrama ?) and to the north of Kadapiñjana. The grant is dated in the thirteenth year evidently of the boy-prince’s reign. The scribe was Chakradāsa.

It is noteworthy that though Prabhavatigupta describes herself as the Chief Queen of the Vakataka Mahdraja Rudrasena (II), she gives the genealogy of the Guptas and not of the Vakatakas in the introductory portion of the present grant. This is also noticed in her later grant recorded in the Riddhapur plates. She was evidently very proud of her descent from the imperial Gupta family.

The genealogy begins with Maharaja Ghatotkatcha, the first king of the Gupta (dynasty). His son was Maharaja Chandragupta (I); the latter’s son from the Mahadevi Kumaradevi was Maharajadhiraja Samudragupta, the daughter’s son of the Lichchhavi (chief), who performed several ashvamedha sacrifices ; his son was Maharajadhiraja Chandragupta (II) a devout worshipper of the Bhagavat; the latter’s daughter from the Mahadevi Kuberanaga who was born in a Naga family was Prabhavatigupta. She was the chief queen of the Vakataka Maharaja Rudrasena (II) and mother of the Yuvaraja Divakarasena. (Ghatotkatcha → Chandragupta (I) → Samudragupta → Chandragupta (II) or Devagupta) → Prabhavatigupta wife of Rudrasena II)

It will be noticed that the description of Prabhavati’s Gupta ancestors given in the present grant does not agree completely with that noticed in genuine Gupta records. In the first place it makes no mention of Gupta, the founder of the dynasty. Secondly, Chandragupta I is mentioned with the lower title of Maharaja, not with the imperial one of Maharajadhiraja as in Gupta records. Thirdly, some of the epithets used here to describe Chandragupta II were usually applied to his father Samudragupta². Notwithstanding these differences, the grant is undoubtedly genuine as we find that the genealogy given here is repeated verbatim in the Riddhapur plates of the dowager queen³.

The importance of the present grant lies in this that it placed for the first time the Vakataka genealogy on a sound basis. In the Vakataka grants discovered before (viz-, the Chammak, Siwani and Dudia plates of Pravarasena II) Prabhavatigupta was described as the daughter of Maharajadhiraja Devagupta. Fleet identified this Devagupta with

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1. No. 8, below.

2. See e.g. the Allahabad stone pillar inscription of Samudragupta and the Bhitari stone pillar inscription of Skandagupta.

3. In the Riddhapur plates, Samudragupta also is mentioned with the lower title of Maharaja. See No. 8, line 4.

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[p.7]: the homonymous king of the Later Gupta dynasty, mentioned in the Deo-Barnark pillar inscription and thus relegated the Vakatakas to the eighth century A.C. His opinion was accepted by Kielhorn and Sukhtankar. The present inscription, which states clearly that Prabhavati was the daughter of the Early Gupta king Chandragupta II, proved unmistakably, for the first time, that she lived in the last quarter of the fourth century A.C. It has since been shown that Devagupta was a favourite name of Chandragupta II and so it finds a mention in Vakataka grants.

As for the localities mentioned in the present grant,

Nandivardhana (नान्दिवर्द्धन) was identified by Hiralal with Nandardhan or Nagardhan (नगरधन) near Ramtek. The identification has since been corroborated by several proofs. The other villages, however, remained unidentified. A clue to their location was afforded by the Jamb plates of Pravarasena II, discovered in 1940, which also mention the same Supratishtha ahara. With this clue I could identify some of the villages mentioned in the present grant.

Vilavanaka (विलवणक) seems to be Vani (वाणी), about 2-1/2 miles to the west, and

Kadapinjana (कदापिन्जन, Kadhajan 3 miles to the south by east of Hinganghat.

Hinganghat seems therefore to occupy the same position as the ancient village Danguna (दङ्गुण). The latter place-name appears to have been changed to Hingan in course of time, ghat being added to it as it was a fording place on the Wunna. It is noteworthy that the name of the village Kavadghat on the opposite bank of the same river also ends in ghat. As the villages mentioned in the Jamb plates as situated in the Supratishtha ahara (सुप्रतिष्ठाहार) can also be located in the Hinganghat tahsil, that ahara seems to have comprised roughly the territory now included in that tahsil. The present plates of Prabhavatigupta, though discovered in distant Poona, seem therefore to have originally belonged to the Hinganghat tahsil.

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1. Read मतिसृष्ट:; 2. Read राजा- ; 3. Read च्छात्र- as in other Vakataka plates. 4. Some grants add लवण before किण्व; 5. The previous editors read अ(पशु), but the aksharas are clearly as given above; 6. Read सक्लृप्तोपक्लृप्त; 7. Read कारयेद्वा 8. Metre: Anushtubh; 9 Read त्रयोदशे; 10. Metre: Anushtubh.

Translation

[p.8]: Seen. Success! Victory has been attained by the Bhagavat! Hail! From Nandivardhana (नान्दिवर्द्धन) —

There was the Maharaja, the illustrious Ghatotkacha (घटोत्कच), the first king of the Guptas.¹¹ His excellent son [was) the Maharaja, the illustrious Chandragupta (I) (चन्द्रगुप्त I). His excellent son (was) the Maharajadhiraja, the illustrious Samudragupta (समुद्रगुप्त), (who was) born of the Mahadevi Kumaradevi (कुमारदेवी); (who was) the daughter’s son of the Lichchhavi (लिच्छवि) (chief) ; (and) who performed several horse- sacrifices. His excellent son [is) the Maharajadhiraja, the illustrious Chandragupta (II), graciously favoured by him¹² (i.e., Samudragupta) (चन्द्रगुप्त II), who is a fervent devotee of the Bhagavat (Vishnu) ; who is a matchless warrior on the earth¹³; who has exterminated all kings; whose fame has tasted the waters of the four oceans¹⁴; (and) who has donated many thousands of crores of cows and gold [coins ) .

(Line 7) His daughter, the illustrious Prabhavatigupta (प्रभावतीगुप्त) of the Dharana gotra, born of the illustrious Mahadevi Kuberanaga (कुबेरनाग), who was (herself) born in the Naga family (नागकुल); who is a fervent devotee of the Bhagavat (Vishnu) ; who (was) the Chief Queen of the illustrious Rudrasena (II) (रुद्रसेन II), the Maharaja of the Vakatakas (वाकाटक); who is the mother of the Yuvaraja, the illustrious

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11. Pathak and Dikshit translated, “who had Gupta as the first king”. But see Guptanām-adirājo in lines 1-2 of the Riddhapur plates (No. 8, below), which shows that the intended sense is as given here,

12. Lit. favoured by his feet.

l3. These adjectives are usually applied to Samudragupta.

14. This expression is generally translated as ‘ whose fame has been tasted by the waters of the four oceans . See CII Vol. III, p. 54 and Ep. Ind., Vol. XV, p. 43. But compare ti-samuda-toya-pita-vāhanasa [ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 60), which shows that the intended sense is as above.

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[p.9]: Divakarasena (दिवाकरसेन); — having announced (her) good health, commands the householders of the village, Brahmanas and others, (residing) in the village of Danguna (दङ्गुण), (situated) in the āhāra of Supratishtha (सुप्रतिष्ठाहार), to the east of Vilavanaka (विलवणक), to the south of Shirshagrama (शीर्षग्राम), to the west of Kadapinjana (कदापिन्जन) and to the north of Sidivivaraka (सिदिविवरक), as follows : —

“Be it known to you that on the twelfth (lunar day) of the bright [fortnight) of Karttika, We have, for augmenting our own religious merit, donated this village, with the pouring out of water, to the Achārya Chanālasvāmin, who is a devotee of the Bhagavat, as a gift not previously made, after having offered it to the foot-prints of the Bhagavat. Wherefore, you should obey all (his) commands, with proper respect.

(L. 16) And We confer here on (him) the following exemptions incidental to an agrahāra granted to the Chaturvidya (Brahmanas) , as approved by former kings : — (This village is) not to be entered by soldiers and policemen¹ ;(it is) exempt from (the obligation to provide) grass, hides as seats, and charcoal² (to touring royal officers) ; exempt from (the royal prerogative of) purchasing fermenting liquors³ and digging (salt) ; exempt from (the right to) mines and khadira trees⁴; exempt from (the obligation to supply) flowers and milk; (it is donated) together with (the right to) hidden treasures and deposits (and) together with major and minor taxes⁵.

(L. 18) Wherefore, this (grant) should be maintained and augmented by future kings. Whoever, disregarding Our order, will (himself) cause or make (others) cause the slightest obstruction, upon him, when complained against by the Brahmanas, We will inflict punishment together with a fine.

And there is, on this point, (the following) verse sung by Vyasa: —

(Here occurs an imprecatory verse.)

(L. 22) This charter⁶ has been written in the thirteenth (regnal) year. (It has been) engraved by Chakradāsa.

Seal

[This is) the enemy-chastising command of the Mother of the Yuvarāja, the ornament of the Vakatakas, who has attained royal fortune by inheritance.

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1. Bhatas are soldiers and chhātras (lit. umbrella-bearers), who correspond to the chātas of other records (cf. No. 19, line 37), are policemen. They were forbidden to enter the donated villages except for apprehending thieves and persons accused of high treason. Cf. No. 19, lines 37-38.

2. Fleet translated, ‘ It does not carry with it (the right to) pasturage, hides and charcoal ’. He thought that this and other similar expressions reserved certain rights to the villagers against the grantees. See C.I.I., Vol. III, p. 242, n. 1. This does not appear to be correct. The expression evidently exempts the donee from the duty of feeding and lodging royal officers during their stay in the village. Later grants mention a tax called vasati-danda (वसति दण्ड), which was levied for the purpose. See Ep. Ind., Vol. XXV, p. 225 and n. Cf. a-taṇa-kaṭṭha-gahaṇam in the Hirahadagalli plates. Ibid., Vol. I, pp. 5 f.

3. Kiṇva (किण्व) is a drug or seed used to cause fermentation in the manufacture of spirits. See MSM., ch. VIII, 326. Later grants mention that the right to mahua trees from which liquor was manufactured was transferred to the donee. C.I.I., Vol. IV, p. 343.

4. Pathak and Dikshit, who read a-pashu-medhyah in line 17, translated, ‘ not to have an animal sacrifice ’, but the reading of the text is clearly a-khani-medhyah. Medhya (मेध्य) has therefore to be taken in the sense of ‘ Khadira trees. ’

5. Kautilya Arthasāstra (p. 60) gives kḷipta in the sense of ‘fixed assessment’. Klipta and upaklipta correspond to bhaga and bhoga, which occur in the grants of Bharatabala and the kings of Sarabhapura. Klipta probably means ‘land-tax' and upklipta miscellaneous taxes in cash or kind.

6. Fleet translated ripushāsanam by ‘a charter for (the observance of even) his enemies’. Pathak and Dikshit translated as above.

Wiki editor Notes

• Bilvan (बीलवान) (Jat clan) → Vilavaṇaka (विलवणक) village is mentioned situated in the Supratishṭha āhāra (सुप्रतिष्ठाहार). Vilavaṇaka (विलवणक) village mentioned in Poona Plates of Prabhavatigupta is identified with Vani (वाणी) village. Vani (वाणी) is about 2-1/2 miles to the west of Hinganghat.(p.7)

• Dangur (डांगुर) (Jat clan) → Danguna (दङ्गुण). Poona Plates of Prabhavatigupta were issued from Nandivardhana (नान्दिवर्द्धन) by Prabhavatigupta (प्रभावतीगुप्त), the chief queen of the Vakataka Maharaja Rudrasena (II) and mother of the Yuvarāja Divākarasena (दिवाकरसेन). She was then acting as Regent for her minor son. The plates record the grant of the village Danguna (दंगुण). ...The donated village Danguna (दंगुण) was situated in the Supratishṭha āhāra (सुप्रतिष्ठाहार).

• Danguna (दङ्गुण) - Hinganghat seems to occupy the same position as the ancient village Danguna (दङ्गुण). (p.7)

• Dharan (धारण) (Jat clan) → Dharana (धारण) gotra of Prabhavatigupta. Poona Plates of Prabhavatigupta mention (Line 7): His (Chandragupta (II)'s) daughter, the illustrious Prabhavatigupta (प्रभावतीगुप्त) of the Dharana gotra, born of the illustrious Mahadevi Kuberanaga (कुबेरनाग), who was (herself) born in the Naga family (नागकुल); who is a fervent devotee of the Bhagavat (Vishnu) ; who (was) the Chief Queen of the illustrious Rudrasena (II) (रुद्रसेन II), the Maharaja of the Vakatakas (वाकाटक); who is the mother of the Yuvaraja, the illustrious....

In this context we must note that Prabhavatigupta, the daughter of Chandragupta II and chief queen of the Vakataka king Rudrasena II describes herself as belonging to the Dharana gotra in her Poona and Riddhapur copper plate inscriptions. Dharana is clearly the gotra of her father, as the gotra of her husband Rudrasena II is specifically mentioned as Visnuvrddha in the Chammak copper plate inscription of Pravarasena II.

K P Jayaswal takes it to stand for Dharan, a Jat clan found in Amritsar, and on the basis of the Kaumudimahotsava he concludes that Chandragupta I was a Karaskara or Kakkar Jat.

This view has been supported by Gokhale.

• Henga (Jat clan) → Hingan. Hingan is the hindi name of a plant Balanites aegyptica. Probably it gives name to Hinganghat (हिंगणघाट). The name Hinganghat derives from the abundance of Hing (हींग) (assafoetida) plants and ghats of the Wena River. Hinganghat is a town and tahsil in Wardha district of Maharashtra. It is a Jat village and its ancient name was Danguna (दङ्गुण) as mentioned in the 'Poona Plates of 13th year of Prabhavatigupta' which prove that Prabhavatigupta daughter of Chandragupta II was of Dharan Gotra Nagavanshi Jat .

• Kadayan (कदायन) (Jat clan) → Kadajana (कदाजना). Kadajana (कदाजना) is an ancient historical village in Hinganghat tahsil in Wardha district of Maharashtra. Kadapinjana (कदापिन्जन) village mentioned in Poona Plates of Prabhavatigupta is identified with Kadajana (कदाजना) village. Kadhajan is 3 miles to the south by east of Hinganghat.(p.7)

• Kadapinjana (कदापिन्जन) = Kadhajan, 3 miles to the south by east of Hinganghat.(p.7), situated to south of Supratishṭha āhāra (सुप्रतिष्ठाहार) (p.6)

• Nandivardhana (नान्दिवर्द्धन) was identified by Hiralal with Nandardhan or Nagardhan near Ramtek.(p.7)

• Sidivivaraka (सिदिविवरक) (?) - Situated in Supratishṭha āhāra (सुप्रतिष्ठाहार), south of Danguna (p.6,9)

• Śirshagrama (शीर्षग्राम) (?) - Situated in Supratishṭha āhāra (सुप्रतिष्ठाहार), north of Danguna (p.6,9)

• Siraswar (सिरसवार) (Jat clan) → Śirshagrama (शीर्षग्राम). Shirshagrama (शीर्षग्राम) village mentioned in Poona Plates of Prabhavatigupta may be identified with Sirasgaon (सिरसगाँव) village.

• Supratishtha ahara (सुप्रतिष्ठाहार) can also be located in the Hinganghat tahsil, that ahara seems to have comprised roughly the territory now included in that tahsil. (p.7)

• Vilavaṇaka (विलवणक) = Vani (वाणी), about 2-1/2 miles to the west of Hinganghat. (p.7)

• Van (वाण) (Jat clan) → Vani (वाणी). Wani (वाणी) is an ancient historical village in Hinganghat tahsil in Wardha district of Maharashtra. Vilavaṇaka (विलवणक) village mentioned in Poona Plates of Prabhavatigupta is identified with Vani (वाणी) village. Vani (वाणी) is about 2-1/2 miles to the west of Hinganghat.(p.7)

Poona Plates of Prabhavatigupta: Hindi Translation हिन्दी अर्थान्तरण प्रथम पत्र

वाकाटक वंश के भूषण, राजलक्ष्मी को वंशानुक्रम से पाने वाले युवराज की माता का, शत्रुओं से भी माना जाने वाला शासन (आ-ज्ञापत्र) है।

शिद्धं ॥ विष्णु की जय हो । कल्याण हो । नन्दिवर्धन स्थान से गुप्त आदि राजा महाराज घटोत्कच थे। उनका सत्पुत्र महाराज श्री चन्द्रगुप्त उनका सत्पुत्र अनेक अश्वमेध यज्ञ करने वाला लिच्छवियों का दौहित्र महादेवी कुमारदेवी से उत्पन्न महाराजाधिराह श्री समुद्रगुप्त उसका सत्पुत्र उसके द्वारा स्वीकृत किया हुआ, पृथ्वी में जिसका सामना करने वाला कोई नहीं था, सभी राजाओं को नष्ट करने वाला, जिसका यश चारों समुद्र के जल तक फ़ैला था, कोटि सहस्त्र गौ, सुवर्ण का दान देने वाला, परमभागवत महाराजाधिराज श्री चन्द्रगुप्त की दुहिता (पुत्री), धारण गोत्र वाली, नागकुल की महादेवी कुबेरनाग से उत्पन्न, दोनों कुलों के कुलों की आभूषण भगवदभक्तया वाकाटकों के महराज श्री रुद्रसेन की अग्रमहिषी (बड़ी पत्नि) ।

द्वितीय पत्र

युवराज दिवाकरसेन की माता श्री प्रभावती गुप्ता सुप्रतिष्ठित नामक आहार में विल्वण ग्राम के पूर्व पार्श्व में शीर्ष ग्राम के दक्षिण पार्श्व में कदापिञ्जन के दूसरे पार्श्व में दङ्गुण नामक ग्राम कुटुम्बियों के कुशल मंगल के लिये कहकर ब्राह्मण को दिया गया। ज्ञात हो कि यह ग्राम अपने पुण्य की प्राति के लिये कार्तिक शुक्ल द्वादशी को भगवत पाद मूल (पादुकाओं) पर निवेदन करके भगवदभक्त आचार्य चलानस्वामी को पहले दिया गया पीछे जल पूर्वक (हाथ में जल के साथ) पुष्ट किया गया । आप को उचित मर्यादा के अनुसार सबी आज्ञाओं का पालन करना चाहिये । पूर्व राजाओं की अनुमति के अनुसार दिया गया है चारों विद्याओं के लिये अग्रहारा, तालाब और वाटिकायें, सैनिक तथा छत्र (मठों के दल के एक प्रमुख) के प्रवेश के लिये, दौरे वाले अधिकारियों के घोडों के लिये घास (चारा), उनके रहने के लिये स्थान (आसन चर्मन), भोजन पकाने के लिये कोयला (अङ्गार), कोमल भोज्य पदार्थ (किन्न-क्रेणि), यज्ञ के लिये पशु (पशुमेध्य:), पुष्प, क्षीर, पृथ्वी के अन्दर प्राप्त होने वाली सम्पत्ति (निधि),पृथ्वी तल पर प्राप्त होने वाली सामग्रियां (उपनिधि), निश्चित कर (कृप्त) और अनिश्चित कर (उपकृत) । जो इस इस आदेश के पालन करने में कमी या बाधा उत्पन्न करेगा या करायेगा (rest translated by self ), जब ब्रामणों द्वार ऐसी शिकायत की जावे तो उसको दंड दिया जयेगा । यह लेख १३ वें वर्ष में चक्रदास द्वारा लिखा गया है ।

नोट - अंतिम दो पंक्तियों को छोड़ कर शेष अर्थान्तर भारतीय पुरालेखों का अध्ययन द्वारा शिव स्वरुप सहाय की पुस्तक पर आधारित है ।

Jat History

Poona Plates of 13th year of Prabhavatigupta reveal the Gotra of Prabhavatigupta to be Dharan which is a Jat clan. In this context we must note that Prabhavatigupta, the daughter of Chandragupta II and chief queen of the Vakataka king Rudrasena II describes herself as belonging to the Dharan gotra in her Poona and Riddhapur copper plate inscriptions. Dharana is clearly the gotra of her father. Hence we see that Chandragupta II was of Dharan Gotra Jat. See details at - Prabhavatigupta.

K P Jayaswal takes it to stand for Dharan, a Jat clan found in Amritsar, and on the basis of the Kaumudimahotsava he concludes that Chandragupta I was a Karaskara or Kakkar Jat. This view has been supported by B.G. Gokhale.

Geography

Pune is located 560m (1,837 ft) above sea level on the western margin of the Deccan plateau. It is situated on the leeward side of the Sahyadri mountain range (the Western Ghats), which separate it from the Arabian sea. It is a relatively hilly city, with its tallest hill rising to 800m (2,625 ft) above sea level.

Central Pune is located at the confluence of the Mula and Mutha Rivers. The Pavana and Indrayani rivers, tributaries of the Bhima river, traverse the northwestern outskirts of the metropolitan Pune. The Pavana River is a notable river crossing the city of Pune, India. The river originates south of Lonavala from the Western Ghats, and flows a total of nearly 60 km to meet Mula River in Pune City.

The Bhima River originates in Bhimashankar hills, one of the twelve esteemed Jyotirlinga shrines, near Karjat on the western side of Western Ghats, known as Sahyadri, in Maharashtra state in India. Bhima flows southeast for 725 km through Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh states. Bhima is the most important tributary of the Krishna river, which is one of the two majors rivers in Maharastra, the other being Godavari River. Nira confluences with Bhima in Narsingpur, Solapur. Bhima is a major tributary of the Krishna River. Its banks are densely populated and form a fertile agricultural area.

Villages in Pune District

Adachiwadi, Adhale Bk, Adhale Kh., Agalambe, Agar, Agoti No.1, Ahinavewadi, Ajanawale, Akharwadi, Akole , Alame, Alandi, Alandi Mhatobachi, Alandi Rural, Aldare, Ale, Alegaon Paga, Ambade, Ambale, Ambale, Ambarwet , Ambavade, Ambe Gavhan, Ambee, Ambethan, Ambi Bk, Ambi Kh, Amboli, Amboli, Amdabad, Amondi , Amoni Mal, Andgaon, Andhalgaon, Ane , Anjangaon , Annapur, Anthurne, Apati, Aptale, Apti, Arudewadi, Arvi , Arvi, Ashtapur, Aundhe Kh., Autadwadi Handewadi, Avadar, Awasari, Awasari, Awasari Kh, Awhalwadi, Awhat, Babhulgaon, Babhulsar Kh., Baburdi, Bahirwadi, Bahul, Bajarwadi, Bajrangwadi, Bakori, Ballalwadi, Bambhulsar, Bangarwadi , Baramati, Barav , Barhanpur, Basti, Baur, Bawada, Bebad Ohol , Belewadi , Belhe , Belsar , Betwadi, Bhadalwadi, Bhalgudi, Bhambarde, Bhandgaon, Bhandgaon, Bharadi, Bharatgoan, Bhare , Bharnewadi, Bhat Nimgaon, Bhatkalwadi, Bhawadi, Bhawadi, Bhawaninagar, Bhawarapur, Bhegadewadi, Bhigvan , Bhigvanstaion, Bhilarewadi, Bhilarwadi, Bhivadi, Bhivari, Bhodani, Bholavade, Bhondvewadi, Bhongvali, Bhor, Bhorwadi, Bhorwadi, Bhosalewadi, Bhose, Bhoyare, Bhugaon, Bhukum , Bijwadi , Biradvadi, Biwari, Bopgaon, Boratewadi, Boratwadi, Borghar, Bori, Bori Bk., Bori Kh,. Boriaindi, Boribel, Boribhadak, Boripardhi, Botarde , Brahman Wadi, Buchakewadi, Burkegaon, Bursewadi, Burunjwadi, Butewadi, Chakan, Chakati, Chalakwadi, Chambali, Chandkhed, Chandoh , Chandoli, Chandoli, Chandoli Kh., Chandus , Charholi Kh., Chas, Chas, Chavhanwadi, Chawand, Chikhalgaon, Chikhalgaon , Chikhali, Chikhalse, Chilhewadi, Chimbali, Chinchani, Chinchodi, Chincholi, Chincholi, Chincholi, Chincholi, Chinchoshi, Chopadaj, Dahitane, Dahiwadi, Dalaj No.1, Dalaj No.2, Dalimb, Dandwadi, Dapode, Dapodi, Darawali, Darekarwadi, Darumbare, Datkhilwadi, Daund, Daundaj, Davadi, Dehane, Dehu, Dehu Cantt, Delvadi, Deshmukh Mala, Deulgaon Gada, Deulgaon Raje, Deulgaon Rasal, Devadi, Devale, Devale, Devkarwadi, Dhakale, Dhalewadi, Dhalewadi Tarf Haveli, Dhamane, Dhamani, Dhamankhel, Dhamari, Dhangarwadi, Dhangawadi, Dhanore, Dhanore, Dhekalwadi, Dhok Sangavi, Dholwad, Dhondmal Shindewadi, Dhumalicha Mala, Dhumalwadi, Dikasal, Dingore, Dingrajwadi, Divad, Divale, Dive, Donaje, Donde, Dongargaon, Dorlewadi, Dumbarwadi, Echakewadi, Ekeriwadi, Eklahare, Fakate, Fulgaon, Fursungi, Gadadarwadi, Gadewadi, Gahunje, Galand Wadi No.1, Galand Wadi No.2, Galandwadi, Ganegaon Dumala, Ganegaon Khalsa, Ganesh Road, Ganeshwadi, Gangapur, Gangapur Kh., Gar, Garade, Gargotwadi, Gaud Dara, Gavdewadi, Ghadagewadi, Ghodegaon, Gholapwadi, Ghonshet, Ghorpadwadi, Ghotavade, Ghotavadi, Giravi, Girawali, Girim, Godre, Gogalwadi, Gohe, Gohe Kh., Gojubavi, Gokhali, Golegaon, Golegaon, Golegaon , Gopalwadi, Gorhe, Gorhe Kh., Gosasi, Gotandi, Gulani, Gulunche, Gulunchwadi, Gunat, Gundalwadi, Gunjalwadi, Gunjalwadi, Gunwadi, Gurholi, Hadsar, Handalwadi, Hangarwadi, Hargude, Harni, Hatave, Hatwalan, Hedruj, Hinganewadi, Hingangaon, Hingangaon, Hingani Berdi, Hinganigada, Hinjavadi, Hivare, Hivare, Hivare Bk, Hivare Kh, Hivare Tarf Narayangaon, Holewadi, Holkarwadi, Inamgaon, Indapur, Induri, Ingaloon, Jachakvasti, Jadhav Wadi, Jaidwadi, Jainakwadi, Jalgaon Kade Pathar, Jalgaon Supe, Jalochi, Jamb, Jambe, Jambhali, Jambhori, Jambhul, Jambut, Jankshan, Jaradwadi, Jarkarwadi, Jategaon, Jategaon Kh., Jaulke, Jaulke Kh., Jawalarjun, Jawale, Jawje Buwachiwadi, Jejuri, Jejuri Rural, Jeur, Jiregaon, Jogwadi, Junnar, Kadadhe, Kadadhe, Kadamwak Wasti, Kadamwasti, Kadbanwadi, Kadethanwadi, Kadus, Kalamb, Kalamb, Kalas, Kalashi, Kaldari, Kale, Kale, Kalechiwadi, Kalewadi, Kalewadi, Kalewadi, Kalewadi Darekarwadi, Kalkhairewadi, Kalthan No.1, Kalthan No.2, Kalus, Kalyan, Kamagalwadi, Kaman, Kamatwadi, Kambare, Kamshet, Kamthadi, Kanase , Kandalgaon , Kandali, Kangaon , Kanhe, Kanheri, Kanhersar, Kanhewadi, Kanhur Mesai, Kanjale, Kapurhop, Karade, Karandi, Karandi, Karanja Vihire, Karanjawane, Karanje, Karanjepul, Kardanwadi, Kardilwadi, Karegaon, Karegaon , Karewadi, Karhati , Karhavagaj , Kari, Karkhel, Karli, Karnalwadi, Karnawad, Karunj, Kasar Amboli, Kasari, Kasarsai, Kasurdi, Kasurdi, Katewadi, Kathapur, Kathapur Kh., Kati, Katphal, Kauthadi, Kauthali, Kawathe , Kazad , Kedgaon , Kedgaon Station, Kelawade, Kelgaon, Kendur, Kenjal, Kesnand, Ketkawale, Khadakamala, Khadaki, Khadaki, Khadakvasala , Khadakwadi, Khadkale, Khaire Nagad, Khalad, Khalchi Bhamburwadi, Khalumbre, Khamgaon, Khamgaon, Khamgaon, Khamundi, Khanapur, Khanapur, Khand, Khandaj, Khandala, Khandala, Khandale, Khandobachiwadi, Khanote, Kharade Wadi, Kharakvasla, Kharpudi, Khechare, Khed, Khodad, Khopi, Khor, Khorochi, Khorodi, Khutbav, Kikavi, Kiwale, Kodit, Kohakdewadi, Kohinde, Koldara Gonawadi , Kolvihire, Kolwadi, Kolwadi, Kolwadi, Kolwadi Kotamdara, Kolwan, Kondhanpur, Kondhapuri, Kondhur, Koregaon, Koregaon Bhima, Koregaon Bhiwar, Koregaon Kh,. Koregaon Mul, Korhale Bk , Korhale Kh , Kothale, Kothurne, Koyali, Koyali Tarf Chakan, Koye, Kudaje, Kude, Kule, Kumbhargaon, Kumbharvalan, Kumshet, Kunjirwadi, Kuran, Kurawali, Kurkumbh, Kurkundi, Kurnewadi, Kuruli, Kuruli , Kurungvadi, Kurwandi, Kusagaon, Kusegaon, Kusgaon Budruk, Kusgaon P.m., Kusur, Kutwalwadi, Ladkatwadi, Lakadi, Lakhangaon, Lakhewadi, Lasurne , Late, Lavale, Lavharde, Lingali, Lonarwadi, Lonavala, Loni, Loni, Loni-kalbhor, Loni-kand, Loni Bhapkar , Lumewadi, Madanwadi, Madh, Mahadeo Wadi, Mahalunge, Mahalunge Padawal, Mahude, Mahur, Malad, Maladpatas, Malawadi, Malegaon Bk, Malegaon Kh., Malewadi, Malshiras, Malthan, Malthan, Malwadi, Malwadi, Malwadi, Malwadi, Malwadi, Man, Manappawasti, Manchar, Mandaki, Mandave, Mandavgan Farata, Mandhar, Mangadewadi, Mangrul, Manjarewadi, Manjari Kh., Manjarwadi, Markal, Marunji, Masanarwadi, Mau, Mawadikade Pathar, Medad, Mekhali, Mengadewadi, Mergalwadi, Mhasobachiwadi, Mirwadi, Modhave, Mohari, Moi , Moralwadi, Mordewadi, Morgaon , Mudhale, Mukhai, Mulkhed , Munjalwadi, Murti, Nagadwadi, Nagapur, Nagargaon, Naigaon, Naiphad, Nalawane, Nandadevi, Nandagaon, Nande, Nane, Nangaon, Nanwij, Narayangaon, Narhe, Narodi, Naroli, Narsingpur, Narutwadi, Nasrapur, Nathachiwadi, Navingar, Nawali, Nayagaon, Naygaon, Nazare, Nazare Supe, Nazarekade Pathar, Nere, Nere, Nhavara, Nhavi, Nhavi, Nhavi Sandas, Nigade, Nigade, Nighoje, Nighutwadi, Nimbalkar Vasti, Nimbodi, Nimbodi, Nimbut, Nimdari, Nimgaon, Nimgaon Bhogi, Nimgaon Dude, Nimgaon Ketki, Nimgaon Mhalungi, Nimgaon Sawa, Nimgiri, Nimone, Nimsakhar, Nirgoodsar, Nirgude, Nirgude, Nirnimgaon, Nirvagaj, Nirvi, Nirwangi, Otur, Ovale, Ozar, Ozarde, Pabal, Pabe, Pachane, Pachgharwadi, Padali, Padirwadi, Padvi, Pait, Palasdeo , Palshiwadi, Palu, Pandare, Pandeshwar, Pandharewadi, Pandharwadi, Pangare, Pansarewadi, Panshet, Parandvadi, Pargaon, Pargaon, Pargaon Tarf Ale, Pargaon Tarf Awasari, Pargaon Tarf Khed, Parinche, Paritwadi, Parodi, Parunde, Parwadi, Parwadi, Pasure, Patan, Patas, Patethan, Paud, Pawaimal, Pawarwadi, Pawnewadi, Pemdara, Perane, Peth, Peth, Phaladewadi Ugalewadi, Phulvade, Pilanwadi, Pilewadi, Pimpale, Pimpale, Pimpale Jagtap, Pimpale Khalsa, Pimpalgaon, Pimpalgaon Joga, Pimpalgaon Siddhanath, Pimpalgaon T Narayangaon, Pimpalgaon Tarf Ghoda, Pimpalgaon Tarf Khed, Pimpalgaon Tarf Mahalunge , Pimpali , Pimpaloli, Pimpalsuti, Pimpalwandi, Pimparkhed , Pimpre Kh., Pimpri, Pimpri, Pimpri, Pimpri Chinchwad, Pimpri Kh., Pimpri Pendhar, Pimpri Sandas , Pingori, Pirangut, Pisarve, Pisavare, Pisurti, Pithewadi, Pitkeshwar, Pokhari, Pondewadi, Pondkulwadi, Poundhawadi , Pune, Pune Cantt, Pur, [[Purv Rahatwade, Rahu, Rajegaon, Rajewadi, Rajgurunagar (Khed,) Rajur , Rajuri , Rajuri, Rakh, Rakshewadi, Ramnagar, Ranjangaon Ganpati, Ranjangaon Sandas, Ranjani, Ranje, Ranmala, Ranmalawadi, Ranmodwadi, Rase, Ravangaon, Rayari, Reda, Redani, Retavadi, Rihe , Rohakal, Rohkadi, Rui, Rui, Rule, Sabalewadi, Saburdi, Sadalgaon, Sadobachiwadi, Sahajpurwadi, Sakore, Sakori T Belhe, Sakurde, Sakurdi, Sal, Salumbare, Sanaswadi , Sandbhorwadi, Sangamner, Sanganore, Sangarun, Sangavade, Sangavi Sandas, Sangurdi, Sansar, Santwadi, Sapkalwadi, Saradwadi, Sarafwadi, Sarati, Sardewadi, Sarole, Sasewadi, Sastewadi, Sasvad, Satalwadi, Sate, Satkarsthal, Savantwadi, Savindane, Sawal, Sawale, Sawargaon, Sayagaon, Sayambachiwadi, Shaha, Shelgaon, Shelu, Sherechiwadi, Shetphal Haveli, Shetphalgadhe, Shewalwadi, Shewalwadi , Shewalwadi Landewadi, Shikrapur, Shind, Shinde, Shindemala, Shindewadi, Shindewadi, Shindewadi, Shindewadi, Shindodi, Shindwane, Shingave, Shinoli, Shirapur, Shirasgaon Kata, Shirawali, Shirgaon, Shiroli, Shiroli Bk, Shiroli Kh , Shiroli T Ale, Shirsadi, Shirsuphal, Shirur, Shivali , Shivane, Shivare, Shivari, Shivatkar (Nira), Shive , Shivner, Shiwapur, Singapur, Sinhagarh, Sirsatwadi, Sitewadi, Solu, Somatane, Somatwadi, Somurdi, Sonawale, Sone Sangavi, Songaon, Sonkaswadi, Sonori, Sonvadisupe, Sonwadi, Soratewadi, Sortapwadi, Sudumbare, Sukalwadi, Sultanpur, Supe, Supe, Supedhar, Surwad, Takali, Takali Bhima, Takali Haji, Takalkarwadi, Takave, Takrarwadi, Talawade, Tale Ghar, Talegaon Dabhade, Talegaon Dhamdhere, Taleran, Taleranwadi, Tambe, Tambewadi, Tambhad, Tamblemala, Tandali, Tandulwadi, Tannu, Tarade, Tarangwadi, Tardobachiwadi, Tardoli, Tathavade, Tawashi, Tejewadi, Tejur, Tekavadi, Telewadi, Temghar, Thakar Wadi, Thakarwadi, Thapewadi Pimpalwadi, Theur, Thopatewadi, Thopatewadi, Thorandale, Thoratwadi, Thugaon, Tikekarwadi, Tilekarwadi, Titeghar, Tokavade, Tulapur, Uchhil, Udapur, Udhat, Umbare, Umbare Navalakh, Umbraj, Undavadi Kade Pathar, Undavadisupe, Undawadi, Uralgaon, Uravade, Urse, Uruli-dewachi, Uruli Kanchan, Utroli, Vadaj, Vadapuri, Vadeshwar, Vadgaon, Vadgaon Bande, Vadgaon Dal, Vadgaon Ghenand, Vadgaon Kandali, Vadgaon Kashimbeg, Vadgaon Nimbalkar, Vadgaon Pir, Vadgaon Rasai, Vadgaon Sahani, Vadgaon Tarf Khed, Vadhane, Vadner Kh., Vakilwasti, Valad, Valati, Valki, Vanjarwadi, Vanpuri, Varale, Varchi Bhamburwadi, Varkute, Varkute Kh., Varude, Varude, Varve Kh., Veer, Velhe , Velu, Venavadi, Vetale, Vinzar, Virobawadi, Vitthal Nagar, Vitthalwadi, Vyahali, Wada, Wade Bolhai, Wadgaon-shinde , Wadgaon Anand , Wadgaon Darekar, Wadhu, Wadhu Kh., Wadki, Wafegaon , Wagdarwadi, Waghale, Waghalwadi, Waghapur, Wagholi, Wajewadi, Wakalwadi, Wakhari, Waki, Waki Bk, Waki Kh., Walati, Walhe, Walunj, Wanewadi, Wangani, Wanganichi Wadi, Warulwadi, Warwand , Washere, Wasunde, Watluj, Yawat, Yawat Station , Yedgaon, Yelase, Yelewasti, Yelwadi, Yenere, Yewalewadi, Zap, Zaragadwadi, Zendewadi,

Notable persons

• Koshor Jakhar - Resident Shinde Basti, Keshawnagar, Moondhwa Pune. Adhyaksh Jat Yuva Manch. mob: 9325558875, 60206396
• Kapoor Singh Khatri - Adhyaksh Jat Association, 9, New Chanakya Apartment, Boat Club Road. Phone:020-26162183, mob;9822022454
• Narendra Singh Katkar - Mantri Jat Association, A-1/704 Ganga Orchard, Mundwa Road, Koregaon Park Annex. Ph:020-32504382, mob: 9370864000
• Bhera Ram Mokad - Mobb:9850443133
• Mohan Lal Kadolia - Mob:981640581
• Ramdev Gora - Mob: 9422025181
• Govund Ram Sihag- Mob:9890692488
• Oma Ram Godara- Mob:9421020107
• Raja Ram Dhayal- Mob: 9890599781
• Chetan Bola- Mob: 9765396779
• Mohan Lal Mundel- Ph:020-60782038
• Pali Jila Jat Yuva Manch (Pune), Punyeshwar Mahadeo Mandir, Survey No. 622/3 A, Godwad Sikhi Samaj ke Pichhe, Bivbewadi.

Gallery

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References

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