- Dalman River, the ancient Indus, formed the traditional border between Caria and Lycia in Turkey. Jat clans: ....
- Kale - Kale is a rural district of Denizli Province of Turkey near the town of Tavas. Jat clans: Kale, Kale Rawat
- Berdak (Armenian: Բերդակ, Russian: Бердак), a village in Goghtn Region of Armenia, currently included into Ordubad region of Nakhichevan autonomy of Azerbaijan.Berdak village in Turkey in Tunceli Province is known by names: Pertek, Pertag, Pertage, Pertaq, Partage, Pertak, Berdak. Pertag, means "tiny fortress" in Armenian.
- Tokat (also called Dokia) is the capital city of Tokat Province of Turkey in the mid-Black Sea region of Anatolia, modern Turkey. It is located at the confluence of the Tokat River (Tokat Suyu) with the Yeşilırmak. Geographical name changes in Turkey have been undertaken, periodically, in bulk from 1913 to the present by successive Turkish governments. Ancient name Dokia changed to present Tokat. It is probable that Jat clan Dukiya were rulers of the area and gave name to the region and the Tokat River. Jat clans: Dukiya, Dahyu
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Research on history of Jat clans
- Thread starter lrburdak
- Start date
Notes on Turkish Name Changes
Note on Reading Turkish Names: Some of the modern place names at various places are given in Turkish language. For the most part, the equivalent English, French or German pronunciations are good approximations, but Turkish has some letters not present in those languages. Ğ or ğ is not pronounced, but lengthens the preceding vowel. For example, dağ, "mountain", is pronounced daa. Substitution of an English G or g is false. Ç or ç is a ch as in child, Ş or ş is an sh as in shore. What appear to be an English C or c is a J as in John, while the J or j is pronounced as the z in azure. The vowels have a short rather than a long pronunciation. As Turkish is an agglutinative language, the endings do not have the same meanings; e.g., daği is not the plural of dağ, which is daĝlar (daalar).
Geographical name changes in Turkey have been undertaken, periodically, in bulk from 1913 to the present by successive Turkish governments. Thousands of names within the Turkish Republic or the Ottoman Empire have lost or departed from their popular or historic alternatives in favour of recognizably Turkish names, as part of the Turkification policy. The governments have argued that such names are foreign or divisive. Names changed were usually of Armenian, Greek, Georgian (Including Laz), Bulgarian, Kurdish, Assyrian, or Arabic origin. Place names that have formally changed frequently persist in local dialects and languages throughout the ethnically diverse country.
The policy commenced during the final years of the Ottoman Empire and continued into the Turkish Republic. Under the Kemalist oriented government, specialized governmental commissions were created for the purpose of changing names. Approximately 28,000 topographic names were changed, which included 12,211 village and town names and 4,000 mountain, river, and other topographic names. Most name changes occurred in the eastern regions of the country where minority ethnicities form a large part or a majority of the population. Policies at times included banning the use of foreign names that were considered divisive and inappropriate.
With a view to preserve old history of the places we have listed them on Jatland. Our interest is that many ancient places in Turkey have been associated with Jat clans and Jat History.
Note on Reading Turkish Names: Some of the modern place names at various places are given in Turkish language. For the most part, the equivalent English, French or German pronunciations are good approximations, but Turkish has some letters not present in those languages. Ğ or ğ is not pronounced, but lengthens the preceding vowel. For example, dağ, "mountain", is pronounced daa. Substitution of an English G or g is false. Ç or ç is a ch as in child, Ş or ş is an sh as in shore. What appear to be an English C or c is a J as in John, while the J or j is pronounced as the z in azure. The vowels have a short rather than a long pronunciation. As Turkish is an agglutinative language, the endings do not have the same meanings; e.g., daği is not the plural of dağ, which is daĝlar (daalar).
Geographical name changes in Turkey have been undertaken, periodically, in bulk from 1913 to the present by successive Turkish governments. Thousands of names within the Turkish Republic or the Ottoman Empire have lost or departed from their popular or historic alternatives in favour of recognizably Turkish names, as part of the Turkification policy. The governments have argued that such names are foreign or divisive. Names changed were usually of Armenian, Greek, Georgian (Including Laz), Bulgarian, Kurdish, Assyrian, or Arabic origin. Place names that have formally changed frequently persist in local dialects and languages throughout the ethnically diverse country.
The policy commenced during the final years of the Ottoman Empire and continued into the Turkish Republic. Under the Kemalist oriented government, specialized governmental commissions were created for the purpose of changing names. Approximately 28,000 topographic names were changed, which included 12,211 village and town names and 4,000 mountain, river, and other topographic names. Most name changes occurred in the eastern regions of the country where minority ethnicities form a large part or a majority of the population. Policies at times included banning the use of foreign names that were considered divisive and inappropriate.
With a view to preserve old history of the places we have listed them on Jatland. Our interest is that many ancient places in Turkey have been associated with Jat clans and Jat History.
History of Modana Jat clan
Modana (मोदाणा) Modane (मोदाणे) Gotra Jats live in Tonk district in Rajasthan.
History
Modana (मोदन) is a place name mentioned by Panini in Ashtadhyayi under Katrryadi (कत्र्य्रादि) (4.2.95) group. [SUP][1]
[/SUP]
Sandhya Jain[SUP][2][/SUP] writes that Modana (मोदाणा) is mentioned in Karna digvijaya (III. 241.47). Modapura (मॊदापुर)[SUP][3][/SUP] is a tribal city subdued by Arjuna in the north. Arjuna was sent north by Yudhisthira to subjugate kingdoms for the Rajasuya Yagya, after crowning as the Emperor of Indraprastha. (Mahabharata:II. 24.10)
The Mahabharata Tribe - Modana (मोदाणा) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Modana (मोदाणा) who live in Tonk district in Rajasthan.
Modane of France
Modane (French mɔ.dan; Italian: Modana) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France. The commune is in the Maurienne Valley, and it also belongs to the Vanoise National Park. It was part of the Kingdom of Sardinia until the Treaty of Turin in 1860.[SUP][4]
[/SUP]
DNA study on Y-STR Haplogroup Diversity in the Jat Population
David G. Mahal and Ianis G. Matsoukas[SUP][5][/SUP] conducted a scientific study on Y-STR Haplogroup Diversity in the Jat Population of which brief Conclusion is as under:
The Jats represent a large ethnic community that has inhabited the northwest region of India and Pakistan for several thousand years. It is estimated the community has a population of over 123 million people. Many historians and academics have asserted that the Jats are descendants of Aryans, Scythians, or other ancient people that arrived and lived in northern India at one time. Essentially, the specific origin of these people has remained a matter of contention for a long time. This study demonstrated that the origins of Jats can be clarified by identifying their Y-chromosome haplogroups and tracing their genetic markers on the Y-DNA haplogroup tree. A sample of 302 Y-chromosome haplotypes of Jats in India and Pakistan was analyzed. The results showed that the sample population had several different lines of ancestry and emerged from at least nine different geographical regions of the world. It also became evident that the Jats did not have a unique set of genes, but shared an underlying genetic unity with several other ethnic communities in the Indian subcontinent. A startling new assessment of the genetic ancient origins of these people was revealed with DNA science.
The human Y-chromosome provides a powerful molecular tool for analyzing Y-STR haplotypes and determining their haplogroups which lead to the ancient geographic origins of individuals. For this study, the Jats and 38 other ethnic groups in the Indian subcontinent were analyzed, and their haplogroups were compared. Using genetic markers and available descriptions of haplogroups from the Y-DNA phylogenetic tree, the geographic origins and migratory paths of their ancestors were traced.
The study demonstrated that based on their genetic makeup, the Jats belonged to at least nine specific haplogroups, with nine different lines of ancestry and geographic origins. About 90% of the Jats in our sample belonged to only four different lines of ancestry and geographic origins:
1. Haplogroup L (36.8%)- The origins of this haplogroup can be traced to the rugged and mountainous Pamir Knot region in Tajikistan.
2. Haplogroup R (28.5%): From somewhere in Central Asia, some descendants of the man carrying the M207 mutation on the Y chromosome headed south to arrive in India about 10,000 years ago (Wells, 2007). This is one of the largest haplogroups in India and Pakistan. Of its key subclades, R2 is observed especially in India and central Asia.
3. Haplogroup Q (15.6%): With its origins in central Asia, descendants of this group are linked to the Huns, Mongols, and Turkic people. In Europe it is found in southern Sweden, among Ashkenazi Jews, and in central and Eastern Europe such as, the Rhône-Alpes region of France, southern Sicily, southern Croatia, northern Serbia, parts of Poland and Ukraine.
4. Haplogroup J (9.6%): The ancestor of this haplogroup was born in the Middle East area known as the Fertile Crescent, comprising Israel, the West Bank, Jordon, Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq. Middle Eastern traders brought this genetic marker to the Indian subcontinent (Kerchner, 2013).
5.-9. Haplogroups E, G, H, I, T (9.5%): The ancestors of the remaining five haplogroups E, G, H, I, and T can be traced to different parts of Africa, Middle East, South Central Asia, and Europe (ISOGG, 2016).
Therefore, attributing the origins of this entire ethnic group to loosely defined ancient populations such as, Indo-Aryans or Indo-Scythians represents very broad generalities and cannot be supported. The study also revealed that even with their different languages, religions, nationalities, customs, cuisines, and physical differences, the Jats shared their haplogroups with several other ethnic groups of the Indian subcontinent, and had the same common ancestors and geographic origins in the distant past. Based on recent developments in DNA science, this study provided new insights into the ancient geographic origins of this major ethnic group in the Indian subcontinent. A larger dataset, particularly with more representation of Muslim Jats, is likely to reveal some additional haplogroups and geographical origins for this ethnic group.
References -
1.V. S. Agrawala: India as Known to Panini, 1953, p.508
2. Sandhya Jain: Adi Deo Arya Devata - A Panoramic View of Tribal-Hindu Cultural Interface, Rupa & Co, 7/16, Ansari Road Daryaganj, New Delhi, 2004, p.139, S.No.172
3. Sandhya Jain: Adi Deo Arya Devata - A Panoramic View of Tribal-Hindu Cultural Interface, Rupa & Co, 7/16, Ansari Road Daryaganj, New Delhi, 2004, p.139, S.No.173
4.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modane
5. Y-STR Haplogroup Diversity in the Jat Population Reveals Several Different Ancient Origins
Modana (मोदाणा) Modane (मोदाणे) Gotra Jats live in Tonk district in Rajasthan.
History
Modana (मोदन) is a place name mentioned by Panini in Ashtadhyayi under Katrryadi (कत्र्य्रादि) (4.2.95) group. [SUP][1]
[/SUP]
Sandhya Jain[SUP][2][/SUP] writes that Modana (मोदाणा) is mentioned in Karna digvijaya (III. 241.47). Modapura (मॊदापुर)[SUP][3][/SUP] is a tribal city subdued by Arjuna in the north. Arjuna was sent north by Yudhisthira to subjugate kingdoms for the Rajasuya Yagya, after crowning as the Emperor of Indraprastha. (Mahabharata:II. 24.10)
The Mahabharata Tribe - Modana (मोदाणा) may be identified with Jat Gotra - Modana (मोदाणा) who live in Tonk district in Rajasthan.
Modane of France
Modane (French mɔ.dan; Italian: Modana) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France. The commune is in the Maurienne Valley, and it also belongs to the Vanoise National Park. It was part of the Kingdom of Sardinia until the Treaty of Turin in 1860.[SUP][4]
[/SUP]
DNA study on Y-STR Haplogroup Diversity in the Jat Population
David G. Mahal and Ianis G. Matsoukas[SUP][5][/SUP] conducted a scientific study on Y-STR Haplogroup Diversity in the Jat Population of which brief Conclusion is as under:
The Jats represent a large ethnic community that has inhabited the northwest region of India and Pakistan for several thousand years. It is estimated the community has a population of over 123 million people. Many historians and academics have asserted that the Jats are descendants of Aryans, Scythians, or other ancient people that arrived and lived in northern India at one time. Essentially, the specific origin of these people has remained a matter of contention for a long time. This study demonstrated that the origins of Jats can be clarified by identifying their Y-chromosome haplogroups and tracing their genetic markers on the Y-DNA haplogroup tree. A sample of 302 Y-chromosome haplotypes of Jats in India and Pakistan was analyzed. The results showed that the sample population had several different lines of ancestry and emerged from at least nine different geographical regions of the world. It also became evident that the Jats did not have a unique set of genes, but shared an underlying genetic unity with several other ethnic communities in the Indian subcontinent. A startling new assessment of the genetic ancient origins of these people was revealed with DNA science.
The human Y-chromosome provides a powerful molecular tool for analyzing Y-STR haplotypes and determining their haplogroups which lead to the ancient geographic origins of individuals. For this study, the Jats and 38 other ethnic groups in the Indian subcontinent were analyzed, and their haplogroups were compared. Using genetic markers and available descriptions of haplogroups from the Y-DNA phylogenetic tree, the geographic origins and migratory paths of their ancestors were traced.
The study demonstrated that based on their genetic makeup, the Jats belonged to at least nine specific haplogroups, with nine different lines of ancestry and geographic origins. About 90% of the Jats in our sample belonged to only four different lines of ancestry and geographic origins:
1. Haplogroup L (36.8%)- The origins of this haplogroup can be traced to the rugged and mountainous Pamir Knot region in Tajikistan.
2. Haplogroup R (28.5%): From somewhere in Central Asia, some descendants of the man carrying the M207 mutation on the Y chromosome headed south to arrive in India about 10,000 years ago (Wells, 2007). This is one of the largest haplogroups in India and Pakistan. Of its key subclades, R2 is observed especially in India and central Asia.
3. Haplogroup Q (15.6%): With its origins in central Asia, descendants of this group are linked to the Huns, Mongols, and Turkic people. In Europe it is found in southern Sweden, among Ashkenazi Jews, and in central and Eastern Europe such as, the Rhône-Alpes region of France, southern Sicily, southern Croatia, northern Serbia, parts of Poland and Ukraine.
4. Haplogroup J (9.6%): The ancestor of this haplogroup was born in the Middle East area known as the Fertile Crescent, comprising Israel, the West Bank, Jordon, Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq. Middle Eastern traders brought this genetic marker to the Indian subcontinent (Kerchner, 2013).
5.-9. Haplogroups E, G, H, I, T (9.5%): The ancestors of the remaining five haplogroups E, G, H, I, and T can be traced to different parts of Africa, Middle East, South Central Asia, and Europe (ISOGG, 2016).
Therefore, attributing the origins of this entire ethnic group to loosely defined ancient populations such as, Indo-Aryans or Indo-Scythians represents very broad generalities and cannot be supported. The study also revealed that even with their different languages, religions, nationalities, customs, cuisines, and physical differences, the Jats shared their haplogroups with several other ethnic groups of the Indian subcontinent, and had the same common ancestors and geographic origins in the distant past. Based on recent developments in DNA science, this study provided new insights into the ancient geographic origins of this major ethnic group in the Indian subcontinent. A larger dataset, particularly with more representation of Muslim Jats, is likely to reveal some additional haplogroups and geographical origins for this ethnic group.
References -
1.V. S. Agrawala: India as Known to Panini, 1953, p.508
2. Sandhya Jain: Adi Deo Arya Devata - A Panoramic View of Tribal-Hindu Cultural Interface, Rupa & Co, 7/16, Ansari Road Daryaganj, New Delhi, 2004, p.139, S.No.172
3. Sandhya Jain: Adi Deo Arya Devata - A Panoramic View of Tribal-Hindu Cultural Interface, Rupa & Co, 7/16, Ansari Road Daryaganj, New Delhi, 2004, p.139, S.No.173
4.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modane
5. Y-STR Haplogroup Diversity in the Jat Population Reveals Several Different Ancient Origins
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Kingdom of Sardinia in France
This kingdom is mentioned in above post where Modane (मोदाणे) is a commune in France. Modana or Modane is a Jat clan. We have DNA study on Y-STR Haplogroup Diversity in the Jat Population by David G. Mahal and Ianis G. Matsoukas a scientific study on Y-STR Haplogroup Diversity in the Jat Population. Haplogroup Q (15.6%): With its origins in central Asia, descendants of this group are linked to the Huns, Mongols, and Turkic people. In Europe it is found in southern Sweden, among Ashkenazi Jews, and in central and Eastern Europe such as, the Rhône-Alpes region of France, southern Sicily, southern Croatia, northern Serbia, parts of Poland and Ukraine.
There must be some more evidences to prove Jat population in this region of France. Sardinia is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily and before Cyprus). It is located in the Western Mediterranean, to the immediate south of the French island of Corsica. Sardinia is politically a region of Italy.
The name Sardinia is from the pre-Roman noun *s(a)rd-, later romanised as sardus (feminine sarda). It makes its first appearance on the Nora Stone, where the word Šrdn testifies to the name's existence when the Phoenician merchants first arrived. According to Timaeus, one of Plato's dialogues, Sardinia and its people as well might have been named after Sardò (Σαρδώ), a legendary woman born in Sardis (Σάρδεις), capital of the ancient Kingdom of Lydia. There has also been speculation that identifies the ancient Nuragic Sards with the Sherden, one of the Sea Peoples. It is suggested that the name had a religious connotation from its use also as the adjective for the ancient Sardinian mythological hero-god Sardus Pater "Sardinian Father" (in modern times misunderstood as being "Father Sardus"), as well as being the stem of the adjective "sardonic". In Classical antiquity, Sardinia was called Ichnusa (the Latinised form of Ancient Greek: Υκνούσσα), Σανδάλιον "Sandal", Sardinia and Sardó (Σαρδώ).
Probable Jat clans associated with this region may be
Read more at https://www.jatland.com/home/Sardinia
This kingdom is mentioned in above post where Modane (मोदाणे) is a commune in France. Modana or Modane is a Jat clan. We have DNA study on Y-STR Haplogroup Diversity in the Jat Population by David G. Mahal and Ianis G. Matsoukas a scientific study on Y-STR Haplogroup Diversity in the Jat Population. Haplogroup Q (15.6%): With its origins in central Asia, descendants of this group are linked to the Huns, Mongols, and Turkic people. In Europe it is found in southern Sweden, among Ashkenazi Jews, and in central and Eastern Europe such as, the Rhône-Alpes region of France, southern Sicily, southern Croatia, northern Serbia, parts of Poland and Ukraine.
There must be some more evidences to prove Jat population in this region of France. Sardinia is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily and before Cyprus). It is located in the Western Mediterranean, to the immediate south of the French island of Corsica. Sardinia is politically a region of Italy.
The name Sardinia is from the pre-Roman noun *s(a)rd-, later romanised as sardus (feminine sarda). It makes its first appearance on the Nora Stone, where the word Šrdn testifies to the name's existence when the Phoenician merchants first arrived. According to Timaeus, one of Plato's dialogues, Sardinia and its people as well might have been named after Sardò (Σαρδώ), a legendary woman born in Sardis (Σάρδεις), capital of the ancient Kingdom of Lydia. There has also been speculation that identifies the ancient Nuragic Sards with the Sherden, one of the Sea Peoples. It is suggested that the name had a religious connotation from its use also as the adjective for the ancient Sardinian mythological hero-god Sardus Pater "Sardinian Father" (in modern times misunderstood as being "Father Sardus"), as well as being the stem of the adjective "sardonic". In Classical antiquity, Sardinia was called Ichnusa (the Latinised form of Ancient Greek: Υκνούσσα), Σανδάλιον "Sandal", Sardinia and Sardó (Σαρδώ).
Probable Jat clans associated with this region may be
Read more at https://www.jatland.com/home/Sardinia
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History of Bhakhalya clan
Bhakhalya (भखाल्या) gotra Jats live in Tonk district in Rajasthan.
Mention by Panini -Bhakshali (भक्षाली), also Bhakshasthali (भक्षास्थली), Bhekasthali (भेकस्थाली), Bhakshyali (भक्ष्याली), Bhakshyadi (भक्ष्यादी), is name of a Country mentioned by Panini in Ashtadhyayi under Dhumadi (धूमादि) (4.2.127) group.(V. S. Agrawala: India as Known to Panini, 1953, p.509)
Read more at https://www.jatland.com/home/Bhakhalya
Bhakhalya (भखाल्या) gotra Jats live in Tonk district in Rajasthan.
Mention by Panini -Bhakshali (भक्षाली), also Bhakshasthali (भक्षास्थली), Bhekasthali (भेकस्थाली), Bhakshyali (भक्ष्याली), Bhakshyadi (भक्ष्यादी), is name of a Country mentioned by Panini in Ashtadhyayi under Dhumadi (धूमादि) (4.2.127) group.(V. S. Agrawala: India as Known to Panini, 1953, p.509)
Read more at https://www.jatland.com/home/Bhakhalya
History of Mava clan
Mawa (मावा) (Mava) Jat gotra live in Sikar district in Rajasthan.
Mention by Panini
Mavasthali (मावस्थली), also Poshasthali, is name of a Country mentioned by Panini in Ashtadhyayi under Dhumadi (धूमादि) (4.2.127) group.[SUP][1][/SUP]
Mava (मावा) is mentioned by Panini in Ashtadhyayi under Nadyadi (नद्यादि) (4.2.97) group.[SUP][2][/SUP]
Sir H. M. Elliot[SUP][3][/SUP] mentions Adjoining the Lakki mountains are many others, on which dwell the tribes of the Bulúch and Nahmrúí, of the Jokiya and Jat, extending as far as Kích (Kíz?) and Makrán. To the eastward of the river are the Mawás and the Samíja tribes, spread as far as the sand-hills of Amarkot; and these are men who have never acknowledged a master.
References -
1.V. S. Agrawala: India as Known to Panini, 1953, p.509
2.V. S. Agrawala: India as Known to Panini, 1953, p.510
3.The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians/V. Táríkh-i Táhirí,p.286-287
Mawa (मावा) (Mava) Jat gotra live in Sikar district in Rajasthan.
Mention by Panini
Mavasthali (मावस्थली), also Poshasthali, is name of a Country mentioned by Panini in Ashtadhyayi under Dhumadi (धूमादि) (4.2.127) group.[SUP][1][/SUP]
Mava (मावा) is mentioned by Panini in Ashtadhyayi under Nadyadi (नद्यादि) (4.2.97) group.[SUP][2][/SUP]
Sir H. M. Elliot[SUP][3][/SUP] mentions Adjoining the Lakki mountains are many others, on which dwell the tribes of the Bulúch and Nahmrúí, of the Jokiya and Jat, extending as far as Kích (Kíz?) and Makrán. To the eastward of the river are the Mawás and the Samíja tribes, spread as far as the sand-hills of Amarkot; and these are men who have never acknowledged a master.
References -
1.V. S. Agrawala: India as Known to Panini, 1953, p.509
2.V. S. Agrawala: India as Known to Panini, 1953, p.510
3.The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians/V. Táríkh-i Táhirí,p.286-287
Maya clan History
Maya (मया) gotra Jats are found in Madhya Pradesh. Maya (माया) is mentioned by Panini in Ashtadhyayi under Nadyadi (नद्यादि) (4.2.97) group.[SUP] ([URL="https://www.jatland.com/home/V._S._Agrawala"]V. S. Agrawala: India as Known to Panini, 1953, p.510)[/URL][/SUP]
Maya (मया) gotra Jats are found in Madhya Pradesh. Maya (माया) is mentioned by Panini in Ashtadhyayi under Nadyadi (नद्यादि) (4.2.97) group.[SUP] ([URL="https://www.jatland.com/home/V._S._Agrawala"]V. S. Agrawala: India as Known to Panini, 1953, p.510)[/URL][/SUP]
History of Kohad clan
गणेशरा (AS, p.278) उत्तर प्रदेश की प्रसिद्ध धार्मिक नगरी मथुरा में स्थित एक गाँव है। क्षहरात वंश के क्षत्रप घाटक का एक अभिलेख इस स्थान से वोगल (Vogel) को सन 1912 ई. में प्राप्त हुआ था, (दे. जर्नल ऑव रायल एशियाटिक सोसायटी, 1912, पृ. 121)[SUP][4][/SUP] जिससे प्रथम शती ई. के लगभग मथुरा तथा निकटवर्ती प्रदेश पर शक (सिथियन) क्षत्रपों का आधिपत्य सूचित होता है।
[h=2]Ganeshra Inscription of Kshaharāta Ghaṭāka is discussed in The Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, 1912.[/h]
This incomplete inscription in two lines on a rounded piece of red sandstone found in the second Ganeshra mound reads as follows (1) . . . sa Kshaharātasa Ghaṭākasa . . . ,
(2) ... ye thupa pati . . .
The second point of interest is the word Kshaharāta (क्षहरात), which occurs in the first line. This term is well known from some of the Western Cave inscriptions which mention the Kshaharata king and Satrap Nahapana. The Kshaharata clan, according to Mr. V. A. Smith, [p.122]: probably a branch of the Sakas, held sway in Western India in the end of the first and in the beginning of the second century of our era. It is of some interest to find a Kshaharata mentioned here in an inscription from Mathura.
Ganeshra Inscription of Kshaharāta Ghaṭāka mentions that a mound at Ganeshra near Mathura produced twenty-four inscribed bricks and brickbats. Two of them are complete (13-1/2 by 10-1/4 by 3 inches), and contain the legend: Rōhadevasa Kōhaḍa(sa). Rohadeva Kohaḍa was the minister (amātya) of Gōmita or Gōmitra, and, as it follows that the latter was in all probability a local ruler, it is very tempting to identify him with the Gomita or Gomitra whose coins have been found at Mathura.[SUP][8][/SUP] The date of [p.123]: the inscribed bricks must be the third or second century BC.
Thus it is clear that Rohad clan ruler was there in Mathura in third or second century BC.
गणेशरा (AS, p.278) उत्तर प्रदेश की प्रसिद्ध धार्मिक नगरी मथुरा में स्थित एक गाँव है। क्षहरात वंश के क्षत्रप घाटक का एक अभिलेख इस स्थान से वोगल (Vogel) को सन 1912 ई. में प्राप्त हुआ था, (दे. जर्नल ऑव रायल एशियाटिक सोसायटी, 1912, पृ. 121)[SUP][4][/SUP] जिससे प्रथम शती ई. के लगभग मथुरा तथा निकटवर्ती प्रदेश पर शक (सिथियन) क्षत्रपों का आधिपत्य सूचित होता है।
[h=2]Ganeshra Inscription of Kshaharāta Ghaṭāka is discussed in The Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, 1912.[/h]
This incomplete inscription in two lines on a rounded piece of red sandstone found in the second Ganeshra mound reads as follows (1) . . . sa Kshaharātasa Ghaṭākasa . . . ,
(2) ... ye thupa pati . . .
The second point of interest is the word Kshaharāta (क्षहरात), which occurs in the first line. This term is well known from some of the Western Cave inscriptions which mention the Kshaharata king and Satrap Nahapana. The Kshaharata clan, according to Mr. V. A. Smith, [p.122]: probably a branch of the Sakas, held sway in Western India in the end of the first and in the beginning of the second century of our era. It is of some interest to find a Kshaharata mentioned here in an inscription from Mathura.
Ganeshra Inscription of Kshaharāta Ghaṭāka mentions that a mound at Ganeshra near Mathura produced twenty-four inscribed bricks and brickbats. Two of them are complete (13-1/2 by 10-1/4 by 3 inches), and contain the legend: Rōhadevasa Kōhaḍa(sa). Rohadeva Kohaḍa was the minister (amātya) of Gōmita or Gōmitra, and, as it follows that the latter was in all probability a local ruler, it is very tempting to identify him with the Gomita or Gomitra whose coins have been found at Mathura.[SUP][8][/SUP] The date of [p.123]: the inscribed bricks must be the third or second century BC.
Thus it is clear that Rohad clan ruler was there in Mathura in third or second century BC.
All Jat folks are requested to kindly refer to this page on Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jats. This page has so many inaccuracies and is clearly dedicated to bring disrepute to Jats. We Jats are living in the bliss of ignorance. To protect our legacy, we need to be vigilant on all forums and especially on something like Wikipedia which is a common source of information. All Jat brothers and sisters having interest and education in history are hereby exhorted to come forth and re-edit content with correct Jat History beginning with our origins in Scythia to present day. Jats played a major role in ancient history which has been swept under the carpet by Modern Indian Historians. We need to dig it up and bring it forth in public domain. Our website Jatland.com is doing a stellar job in unearthing and publishing real Jat history but that is not being updated on sites like Wikipedia which are a common reference for people nowadays. Wikipedia is an open source encyclopedia which can be edited by anyone. However, one also has to provide sources and references of edited information.
राजनांदगांव में नांदगांव और छुईखदान जाट रियासतें
आमतौर पर यही धारणा है कि साधु संतों की भूमिका केवल धर्म का प्रचार-प्रसार करने तक ही सीमित रही है परंतु बहुत कम लोग जानते हैं कि स्वतंत्र भारत जिन 562 छोटी-बड़ी रियासतों से मिलकर बना है, उनमें से दो रियासतों पर दहिया गोत्र के बैरागी जाट साधुओं ने लगभग 200 वर्ष तक शासन किया है और वे कुशल राजा एवं योद्धा रहे हैं। ब्रिटिश कालीन भारत में जिन रियासतों पर बैरागी जाट साधुओं का शासन रहा है उनके नाम हैं- नांदगांव और छुईखदान। ये दोनों ही रियासतें वर्तमान छत्तीसगढ़ राज्य के राज नांदगांव जिले में हैं।
इन दोनों ही रियासतों के राजा संयुक्त पंजाब (वर्तमान हरयाणा) से गए थे और दोनों ही रियासतों के साधु राजा निर्मोही अखाड़े तथा निंबार्क संप्रदाय से संबंध रखते थे। छुईखदान रियासत की स्थापना वर्ष 1750 में रूप दास दहिया नाम के एक बैरागी जाट संत ने की थी। वह वीर बंदा बैरागी के प्रथम सैनिक मुख्यालय हरियाणा के सोनीपत जिले के सेहरी खांडा गांव से संबंध रखते थे तथा मूलत: दहिया गोत्र के जाट थे और बैरागी सम्प्रदाय के अनुयाई थे। वर्ष 1709 में जब महान योद्धा वीर बंदा बैरागी ने सेहरी खांडा के निर्मोही अखाड़ा मठ में अपनी सेना का गठन किया तो उस समय महंत रूप दास केवल 11 वर्ष के थे।
11 वर्ष के इस साधु बालक ने वीर बंदा बैरागी से युद्ध विद्या सीखी और इसके बाद वह नागपुर जाकर मराठा राजाओं की सेना में शामिल हो गए। महंत रूप दास एक कुशल योद्धा बने और वर्ष 1750 में मराठों ने उनको कोंडका नामक जमींदारी पुरस्कार के रूप में दी। कृष्ण भक्त होने के कारण महंत रूप दास ने अपनी पूरी रियासत में पारस्परिक अभिवादन के लिए ?जय गोपाल? शब्दों का प्रयोग किया।
देश की स्वतंत्रता प्राप्ति तक बैरागी जाट साधुओं ने इस राज्य पर शासन किया और 1 जनवरी 1948 को छुईखदान रियासत का स्वतंत्र भारत में विलय हो गया। विलय की संधि पर आखिरी राजा महंत ऋतुपरण किशोर दास ने हस्ताक्षर किए। वर्ष 1952 तथा 1957 के आम चुनाव में महंत ऋतुपरण किशोर दास मध्यप्रदेश विधानसभा के लिए चुने गए। छुईखदान में बैरागी जाट राजाओं का राजमहल आज भी बहुत अच्छी स्थिति में है।
Source - Niyati Bhandari, Punjabkesari, 29 May, 2020
आमतौर पर यही धारणा है कि साधु संतों की भूमिका केवल धर्म का प्रचार-प्रसार करने तक ही सीमित रही है परंतु बहुत कम लोग जानते हैं कि स्वतंत्र भारत जिन 562 छोटी-बड़ी रियासतों से मिलकर बना है, उनमें से दो रियासतों पर दहिया गोत्र के बैरागी जाट साधुओं ने लगभग 200 वर्ष तक शासन किया है और वे कुशल राजा एवं योद्धा रहे हैं। ब्रिटिश कालीन भारत में जिन रियासतों पर बैरागी जाट साधुओं का शासन रहा है उनके नाम हैं- नांदगांव और छुईखदान। ये दोनों ही रियासतें वर्तमान छत्तीसगढ़ राज्य के राज नांदगांव जिले में हैं।
इन दोनों ही रियासतों के राजा संयुक्त पंजाब (वर्तमान हरयाणा) से गए थे और दोनों ही रियासतों के साधु राजा निर्मोही अखाड़े तथा निंबार्क संप्रदाय से संबंध रखते थे। छुईखदान रियासत की स्थापना वर्ष 1750 में रूप दास दहिया नाम के एक बैरागी जाट संत ने की थी। वह वीर बंदा बैरागी के प्रथम सैनिक मुख्यालय हरियाणा के सोनीपत जिले के सेहरी खांडा गांव से संबंध रखते थे तथा मूलत: दहिया गोत्र के जाट थे और बैरागी सम्प्रदाय के अनुयाई थे। वर्ष 1709 में जब महान योद्धा वीर बंदा बैरागी ने सेहरी खांडा के निर्मोही अखाड़ा मठ में अपनी सेना का गठन किया तो उस समय महंत रूप दास केवल 11 वर्ष के थे।
11 वर्ष के इस साधु बालक ने वीर बंदा बैरागी से युद्ध विद्या सीखी और इसके बाद वह नागपुर जाकर मराठा राजाओं की सेना में शामिल हो गए। महंत रूप दास एक कुशल योद्धा बने और वर्ष 1750 में मराठों ने उनको कोंडका नामक जमींदारी पुरस्कार के रूप में दी। कृष्ण भक्त होने के कारण महंत रूप दास ने अपनी पूरी रियासत में पारस्परिक अभिवादन के लिए ?जय गोपाल? शब्दों का प्रयोग किया।
देश की स्वतंत्रता प्राप्ति तक बैरागी जाट साधुओं ने इस राज्य पर शासन किया और 1 जनवरी 1948 को छुईखदान रियासत का स्वतंत्र भारत में विलय हो गया। विलय की संधि पर आखिरी राजा महंत ऋतुपरण किशोर दास ने हस्ताक्षर किए। वर्ष 1952 तथा 1957 के आम चुनाव में महंत ऋतुपरण किशोर दास मध्यप्रदेश विधानसभा के लिए चुने गए। छुईखदान में बैरागी जाट राजाओं का राजमहल आज भी बहुत अच्छी स्थिति में है।
Source - Niyati Bhandari, Punjabkesari, 29 May, 2020
राजनांदगांव में नांदगांव और छुईखदान जाट रियासतें (जारी)
बैरागी जाट साधुओं की दूसरी रियासत थी नांदगांव जिसकी राजधानी राजनांदगांव में थी। नांदगांव रियासत की स्थापना महंत प्रह्लाद दास दहिया ने वर्ष 1765 में की। प्रह्लाद दास बैरागी, अपने साथियों के साथ सनातन धर्म का प्रचार करने के लिए पंजाब से छत्तीसगढ़ आए थे। अपनी यात्रा का खर्च निकालने के लिए ये बैरागी साधु, पंजाब से कुछ शाल भी अपने साथ ले आते और उन्हें छत्तीसगढ़ में बेचकर अपनी यात्रा का खर्च चलाते।
बिलासपुर के पास रतनपुर में मराठा राजाओं के प्रतिनिधि बिंबाजी का महल था। स्थानीय लोग बिंबाजी को भी राजा के नाम से ही जानते थे। बिंबाजी, महंत प्रह्लाद दास बैरागी के शिष्य बन गए और उन्हें अपनी पूरी रियासत में 2 रुपए प्रति गांव के हिसाब से धर्म चंदा लेने की इजाजत दे दी। धीरे-धीरे ये बैरागी साधु अमीर हो गए और उन्होंने आसपास के कई जमींदारों को ऋण देना आरंभ कर दिया। जो जमींदार ऋण नहीं चुका पाए उनकी जमींदारी इन साधुओं ने जब्त कर ली और धीरे-धीरे चार जमींदारी उनके पास आ गई जिनको मिलाकर नांदगांव रियासत की स्थापना हुई।
Source - Niyati Bhandari, Punjabkesari, 29 May, 2020
बैरागी जाट साधुओं की दूसरी रियासत थी नांदगांव जिसकी राजधानी राजनांदगांव में थी। नांदगांव रियासत की स्थापना महंत प्रह्लाद दास दहिया ने वर्ष 1765 में की। प्रह्लाद दास बैरागी, अपने साथियों के साथ सनातन धर्म का प्रचार करने के लिए पंजाब से छत्तीसगढ़ आए थे। अपनी यात्रा का खर्च निकालने के लिए ये बैरागी साधु, पंजाब से कुछ शाल भी अपने साथ ले आते और उन्हें छत्तीसगढ़ में बेचकर अपनी यात्रा का खर्च चलाते।
बिलासपुर के पास रतनपुर में मराठा राजाओं के प्रतिनिधि बिंबाजी का महल था। स्थानीय लोग बिंबाजी को भी राजा के नाम से ही जानते थे। बिंबाजी, महंत प्रह्लाद दास बैरागी के शिष्य बन गए और उन्हें अपनी पूरी रियासत में 2 रुपए प्रति गांव के हिसाब से धर्म चंदा लेने की इजाजत दे दी। धीरे-धीरे ये बैरागी साधु अमीर हो गए और उन्होंने आसपास के कई जमींदारों को ऋण देना आरंभ कर दिया। जो जमींदार ऋण नहीं चुका पाए उनकी जमींदारी इन साधुओं ने जब्त कर ली और धीरे-धीरे चार जमींदारी उनके पास आ गई जिनको मिलाकर नांदगांव रियासत की स्थापना हुई।
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</ins>
ये बैरागी जाट राजा बहुत ही प्रगतिशील थे। उन्होंने जनता की भलाई के लिए अनेक महत्वपूर्ण कार्य किए। इन बैरागी जाट राजाओं ने वर्ष 1882 में राजनांदगांव में एक अत्याधुनिक विशाल कपड़े का कारखाना लगाया। इससे पहले वर्ष 1875 में उन्होंने रायपुर में महंत घासीदास के नाम से एक संग्रहालय भी स्थापित किया, जो आज भी भारत के 10 प्राचीनतम संग्रहालयों में से एक है।</ins>
Source - Niyati Bhandari, Punjabkesari, 29 May, 2020
Bhoramdeo (भोरमदेव) is a Temple complex dedicated to Shiva in Kabirdham district the Indian state of Chhattisgarh.[SUP][1][/SUP] It comprises a group of four temples of which the earliest is a brick-temple.[SUP][2][/SUP] The Temple was built by Laxman Dev Rai & Gopal Dev of Phani Naga dynasty. Temple complex, highlighted as a "scintillating poetry in stone", is credited to Naga kings of Chakrakota, who ruled in the then South Kosala region, which is now the state of Chhattisgarh. Its construction is dated between the 7th and 12th centuries.[SUP][3][/SUP] Chakrakuta is variant of Chitrakuta in Bastar[SUP][4][/SUP], which was a Kingdom Nagavanshi Jats. [SUP][5][/SUP] Fandi or Fanin Gotra Jats are descendants of Phani Naga.
Read more at https://www.jatland.com/home/Bhoramdeo
Read more at https://www.jatland.com/home/Bhoramdeo
- 1. ↑ Syed Amanur Rahman; Balraj Verma (2006). The Beautiful India ? Chhatisgarh. Reference Press.
- 2. ↑ Deshpande, M.N. "Indian Archeological Survey ? 1972-73" (PDF). National Informatics Center. pp. 13?14. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2016-03-04.
- 3. ↑ Ramaswamy, Chitra (12 April 2012). "Sheer poetry in stone". The Hindu.
- 4. ↑ Epigraphia Indica & Record of the Archaeological Survey of India, Vol.X, 1909-10, p.28
- 5. ↑ Jat History Dalip Singh Ahlawat/Chapter III, p.242
Jat History in Bastar, Chhattisgarh
Bastar region in Chhattisgarh was ruled by different dynasties which include: Nalas (350-760 AD), Chalukya (1324-1777 AD), Nagas (760-1324 AD), Bhonsle (1777-1853 AD) and British (1853-1947 AD). Chakrakota (चक्रकोट) was a kingdom of Nagavanshi Jats. Chakrakota bas been identified with Chitrakot the central portion of the former Bastar State. The place Kanker in North Bastar and Kanger River in south Bastar probably get name after Mahabharata tribe named Kanka (कंक). In the list of The Mahabharata Tribes we find mention of Kanka (कङ्क), in the tribute list Mahabharata (II.47.26) , as wearing horns, a practice among some Iranian tribes of Central Asia. Sandhya Jain has identified it with A Jat tribe living between Beas and Sutlej in Punjab as Kang; who claim descent from solar race of Ayodhya.
Read more athttps://www.jatland.com/home/Jat_History_in_Bastar
Bastar region in Chhattisgarh was ruled by different dynasties which include: Nalas (350-760 AD), Chalukya (1324-1777 AD), Nagas (760-1324 AD), Bhonsle (1777-1853 AD) and British (1853-1947 AD). Chakrakota (चक्रकोट) was a kingdom of Nagavanshi Jats. Chakrakota bas been identified with Chitrakot the central portion of the former Bastar State. The place Kanker in North Bastar and Kanger River in south Bastar probably get name after Mahabharata tribe named Kanka (कंक). In the list of The Mahabharata Tribes we find mention of Kanka (कङ्क), in the tribute list Mahabharata (II.47.26) , as wearing horns, a practice among some Iranian tribes of Central Asia. Sandhya Jain has identified it with A Jat tribe living between Beas and Sutlej in Punjab as Kang; who claim descent from solar race of Ayodhya.
Read more athttps://www.jatland.com/home/Jat_History_in_Bastar
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Origin of name Bastar
There are various views on the origin of name Bastar[SUP][1][/SUP]: These are based on following - 1. Vanshatira (वंशतीर) (Lal Kalindra Singh), 2. Bansathari (बांसथरी):The land of Bamboo, 3. Vastra (वस्त्र): The cloth. The originator of Kakatiya rule in Bastar Annamdeo from Warangal offered cloth (Vastra) to Goddess Danteshvari , 4. Vistrit (विस्तृत) - extensive land.
These views are based on oral traditions and can not be accepted historically. Historically it is proved that the land of Bastar was inhabited and ruled by Nagavanshi Jats who gave names to various places, rivers and mountains. (See Bastar Jat Gotras Namesake)
5. Bast (बस्त): Bastar was ruled by Nagavanshi Jats whose capital was at Chakrakota, which at present is Chitrakot on Indravati River. One of Nagavanshi Jats Gotra was Bast (बस्त) known by various names as Basht (बाष्ट), Vasht (वाष्ट), Basta (बस्ता)/Baste (बस्ते)[SUP][2][/SUP][SUP][3][/SUP]. This Gotra is found in Madhya Pradesh. Lake Urmia is a salt lake in northwestern Iran near Turkey. It is the largest lake inside Iran. The lake is marked by more than a hundred small rocky islands, which are stopover points in the migrations of various kinds people and wildlife. One of the island is named Bastvar which may probably linked with Bast clan of Jats. Probably these Bast people migrated to Bastar and gave names such as Bastar and Bastanar etc. Bastana is a place name in Turkey. ( See List of place names in Turkey)
There are various views on the origin of name Bastar[SUP][1][/SUP]: These are based on following - 1. Vanshatira (वंशतीर) (Lal Kalindra Singh), 2. Bansathari (बांसथरी):The land of Bamboo, 3. Vastra (वस्त्र): The cloth. The originator of Kakatiya rule in Bastar Annamdeo from Warangal offered cloth (Vastra) to Goddess Danteshvari , 4. Vistrit (विस्तृत) - extensive land.
These views are based on oral traditions and can not be accepted historically. Historically it is proved that the land of Bastar was inhabited and ruled by Nagavanshi Jats who gave names to various places, rivers and mountains. (See Bastar Jat Gotras Namesake)
5. Bast (बस्त): Bastar was ruled by Nagavanshi Jats whose capital was at Chakrakota, which at present is Chitrakot on Indravati River. One of Nagavanshi Jats Gotra was Bast (बस्त) known by various names as Basht (बाष्ट), Vasht (वाष्ट), Basta (बस्ता)/Baste (बस्ते)[SUP][2][/SUP][SUP][3][/SUP]. This Gotra is found in Madhya Pradesh. Lake Urmia is a salt lake in northwestern Iran near Turkey. It is the largest lake inside Iran. The lake is marked by more than a hundred small rocky islands, which are stopover points in the migrations of various kinds people and wildlife. One of the island is named Bastvar which may probably linked with Bast clan of Jats. Probably these Bast people migrated to Bastar and gave names such as Bastar and Bastanar etc. Bastana is a place name in Turkey. ( See List of place names in Turkey)
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Origin of name Bastar (Continued)
6. Bastarnae : Bastarnae were ancient Germanic peoples who inhabited areas north of the Roman frontier on the Lower Danube between 200 BC and 300 AD . The Bastarnae lived in the region between the Carpathian Mountains and the river Dnieper, to the north and east of ancient Dacia. In the third century, the Greek historian Dio Cassius states that the "Bastarnae are properly classed as Scythians" and "members of the Scythian race".[SUP][4][/SUP] Likewise, the sixth-century historian Zosimus, reporting events around 280 AD, refers to "the Bastarnae, a Scythian people". [SUP][5][/SUP] (Scythian Jats). It is a matter of research to find actual connection between place name Bastar and Bastarnae, the ancient Germanic tribe.
Historians have been classed Bastarnae people with Scythians and members of the Scythian race. Historians also agree that Scythians are Jats. It is possible that one branch of Scythian Jats migrated from Central Asia to Europe and other to Bastar region and gave name to the region. Similarity of place names of Bastar with Jats provides us evidences in this favour. (See Bastar Jat Gotras Namesake)
6. Bastarnae : Bastarnae were ancient Germanic peoples who inhabited areas north of the Roman frontier on the Lower Danube between 200 BC and 300 AD . The Bastarnae lived in the region between the Carpathian Mountains and the river Dnieper, to the north and east of ancient Dacia. In the third century, the Greek historian Dio Cassius states that the "Bastarnae are properly classed as Scythians" and "members of the Scythian race".[SUP][4][/SUP] Likewise, the sixth-century historian Zosimus, reporting events around 280 AD, refers to "the Bastarnae, a Scythian people". [SUP][5][/SUP] (Scythian Jats). It is a matter of research to find actual connection between place name Bastar and Bastarnae, the ancient Germanic tribe.
Historians have been classed Bastarnae people with Scythians and members of the Scythian race. Historians also agree that Scythians are Jats. It is possible that one branch of Scythian Jats migrated from Central Asia to Europe and other to Bastar region and gave name to the region. Similarity of place names of Bastar with Jats provides us evidences in this favour. (See Bastar Jat Gotras Namesake)
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Origin of name Bastar (Continued)
6. Kanker (कांकेर) is a city and district in Chhattisgarh. Kanker/Kanger probably get name after Mahabharata tribe named Kanka (कंक). In the list of The Mahabharata Tribes we find mention of Kanka (कङ्क), in the tribute list Mahabharata (II.47.26)[SUP][6][/SUP] , as wearing horns, a practice among some Iranian tribes of Central Asia. Sandhya Jain[SUP][7][/SUP] has identified it with A Jat tribe living between Beas and Sutlej in Punjab as Kang; who claim descent from solar race of Ayodhya. The tradition of wearing horns, a practice among some Iranian tribes of Central Asia, has probably come down to Bison Horn Madia tribe of Bastar.
Kankiri = Gangra. Gangra is a historical city presently called ?ankırı, the capital city of ?ankırı Province, in Turkey.
References
6. Kanker (कांकेर) is a city and district in Chhattisgarh. Kanker/Kanger probably get name after Mahabharata tribe named Kanka (कंक). In the list of The Mahabharata Tribes we find mention of Kanka (कङ्क), in the tribute list Mahabharata (II.47.26)[SUP][6][/SUP] , as wearing horns, a practice among some Iranian tribes of Central Asia. Sandhya Jain[SUP][7][/SUP] has identified it with A Jat tribe living between Beas and Sutlej in Punjab as Kang; who claim descent from solar race of Ayodhya. The tradition of wearing horns, a practice among some Iranian tribes of Central Asia, has probably come down to Bison Horn Madia tribe of Bastar.
Kankiri = Gangra. Gangra is a historical city presently called ?ankırı, the capital city of ?ankırı Province, in Turkey.
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It is important to note that Bastar has large number of places which have similarity with places in Iran and Turkey. This fact indicates that the ancient inhabitants of Bastar region are connected with those in Iran and Turkey.</ins>
References
- 1. ↑ https://bastariya.com/origin-name-bastar/
- 2. ↑ Jat History Dalip Singh Ahlawat/Parishisht-I, s.n. ब-143
- 3.↑ O.S.Tugania:Jat Samuday ke Pramukh Adhar Bindu,p.51,s.n. 1679
- 4. ↑ Dio LI.23.3, 24.2
- 5. ↑ Zosimus Historia Nova (c. 500 AD), I.34
- 6. ↑ शकास तुखाराः कङ्काश च रॊमशाः शृङ्गिणॊ नराः, महागमान थूरगमान गणितान अर्बुथं हयान (II.47.26)
- 7. ↑ Sandhya Jain:Adideo Arya Devata, A Panoramic view of Tribal-Hindu Cultural Interface, Published in 2004 by Rupa & Co, 7/16, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi, p.131
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[h=2]Jat Clans mentioned in Inscriptions From The Bastar State in Chhattisgarh[/h]Bastar was site of many Inscriptions of Nagavanshi rulers in 11th century. E. Hultzsoh & Sten Konow have mentioned from the Inscriptions of Nagavanshi rulers that central portion of the State was ruled by the Nagavanshi Jats. Here is partial list of the Jat Clans mentioned in the Inscriptions found in Bastar State. (For details see https://www.jatland.com/home/Inscriptions_From_The_Bastar_State)
- Jateśvara (= Jat + Ishvara) is mentioned in 'Bilaigarh Plates of Prithvideva II : Kalachuri year 896 (1144 AD)'. Bilaigarh is a village and tahsil in Raipur district of Chhattisgarh, India. This inscription is of Prithvideva II from Kalachuris of Ratanpur mentions about a Naga Ruler named Jateshwara in Chakrakota. Chakrakota is Chitrakoot town in Jagdalpur tahsil in Bastar district of Chhattisgarh. This is a strong evidence of these Nagavanshi kings being of Jat origin. Jat historians further prove this fact. [SUP][1][/SUP]
- Chhindoke (Jat clan) = Chhindaka. The king Madhurāntakadeva of Bhramarakotya Kingdom (same as Chakrakotya = Chitrakot in Bastar), who belonged to the Chhindaka family of the Naga race, one of the 36 Agnikulas, (related to the Sinda family of Yelburga) is mentioned in Epigraphia Indica Vol. IX (1907-08), p.176 in the Inscription 'No. 23. Rajapura copper plates of Madhurantakadeva Shaka Samvat 983 (=A.D. 1065).' (For details see Inscriptions From The Bastar State)
- Jateśvara (= Jat + Ishvara) is mentioned in 'Bilaigarh Plates of Prithvideva II : Kalachuri year 896 (1144 AD)'. Bilaigarh is a village and tahsil in Raipur district of Chhattisgarh, India. This inscription is of Prithvideva II from Kalachuris of Ratanpur mentions about a Naga Ruler named Jateshwara in Chakrakota. Chakrakota is Chitrakoot town in Jagdalpur tahsil in Bastar district of Chhattisgarh. This is a strong evidence of these Nagavanshi kings being of Jat origin. Jat historians further prove this fact. [SUP][1][/SUP]
- Chhindoke (Jat clan) = Chhindaka. The king Madhurāntakadeva of Bhramarakotya Kingdom (same as Chakrakotya = Chitrakot in Bastar), who belonged to the Chhindaka family of the Naga race, one of the 36 Agnikulas, (related to the Sinda family of Yelburga) is mentioned in Epigraphia Indica Vol. IX (1907-08), p.176 in the Inscription 'No. 23. Rajapura copper plates of Madhurantakadeva Shaka Samvat 983 (=A.D. 1065).' (For details see Inscriptions From The Bastar State)
- Choria (Jat clan) = Choryā-tarāi is mentioned in 'No.7. Kuruspal Stone Inscription Of Somesvradeva- Saka Samvat 1019' (Epigraphia Indica & Record of the Archaeological Survey of India, Vol.X, 1909-10, pp.37) ... Among the ruins on the bank of a tank known as Choryā-tarāi was found the present record, which like its three predecessors refers to the reign of the Nagavamsi king Somesvaradeva.
- Dharan (Jat clan) = Dharana-mahadevi (धारण महादेवी), who was probably the widow of Somesvara, is mentioned in 'I. Narayanpal Stone inscription of Queen Gunda-mahadevi, the mother of Somesvaradeva 1111 AD' (See Epigraphia Indica Vol. IX (1907-08), p.161). Dharana-Mahadevi is also mentioned in 'III. Kuruspal inscription of Dharana-Mahadevi, second queen(?) of Somesvara' (Epigraphia Indica Vol. IX (1907-08), p.163); also mentioned in 'No.5. Two Kuruspal Inscriptions of Dharana-Mahadevi.' (See Epigraphia Indica & Record of the Archaeological Survey of India, Vol.X, 1909-10, p.33,34);