Chauhan

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Chauhan (चौहान) Chuhan (चुहान) Chohan (चोहान) Chhuhan (छुहान) gotra Jats are found in Haryana, Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh. The Chauhan gotra is found among the Rajputs, Jats and Gujars. They were the main Kshatriyas out of four Agnikula kshtriyas created in mount Abu. They had capital at Ajmer and their rishi was Atreya (आत्रेय).[1] The Harsh Inscription reveals that Chauhans considered themselves as Suryavanshi Khsatriyas till 10th century AD. The Hammir Mahakavya of 1400 AD also writes Chauhans as Suryavanshi Khsatriyas. [2]

Pulota, Harsh and later Sambhar and Ajmer had become power centres of Chauhans. Due to the importance of Sambhar lake they had been called 'Shakambharishwar'. [3]

Contents

History

They are mentioned in the Jat history because historians have proved that the Chauhan belong to the Takshak dynasty and some Jat gotras do belong to the Chauhan dynasty.

According to Colonel Todd's Rajasthan, the ancestor of the Chauhan dynasty was Anhal Raja, who was a Takshak, an old gotra of the Jats.

Bhim Singh Dahiya[4] writes that Vayu Purana mentions a people called Chahuka (चाहुक) for Chauhans. The Sanskrit name Chahmān must have been given at the time of the fire sacrifice. D C Sirkar quotes Puranic authority to say:[5]

कलूताश्च चाहुकाश्चैव ऊर्णा दार्वस्तथैव च।
एते देशा उदीच्यास्तु प्राच्यान् देशान् निबोधत।।

It means that the countries of Kalutas, Chahukas, Urnas and Darvas are considered eastern ancient ones. Becuase they themselves were in the far north-west, and in their countries the north of India becomes east. The Chahukas are the Chauhans. The inscription dated 842 of Chahuvānas ruling in Dholpur[6] speaks of "Chahuvana vara bhupati, Charuvansha", i.e. the goodly race of the eminent 'landlords' Chāhuvāna. [7]

Chahamanas Dynasty

There were many branches of the Chahamanas. The first of these braches lived in the kingdom of Mahishmati situated at the bank of river Narmada. In the tenth century A.D. when Pratiharas became weak the Chahamanas established its kingdom in Sambhar area. The Harsh Inscription of s.v.1030 (973) tells us that they were rulers of the area. Shakambhari was their capital, and hence this dynasty was actually called Chahamanas dynasty of Sakambhari. The early branch of Chauhans ruled in Lat Pradesh and second branch was in Shakambhari.

Genealogy of Chauhan rulers Chahaman - Guvaka-II

The chronology of Harshanath Inscription of Chauhan rulers is supported by their Bijolia Inscription of v.s. 1226 (1169 AD). As per record of Bards the place of origin of Chauhans is Mahishmati on the banks of Narmada River.Ahichhatrapur and Shakambhari were their first and second capitals.Their state was known as Sapadalaksha which included one lakh villages. As per Ojha Sapadalaksha was the name of Nagaur. Shakambhari was the ancient name of Sambhar.[8]

Till the middle of 8th century Chauhans were the rulers of Sambhar. Guvaka I was probably the first independent ruler. Chauhans were Shaivas and Harshadeva was their kuladevata.[9] In other inscriptions of Chauhans we get information about a place named Purnatallakapura (पूर्णतल्लकपुर), a very well developed and rich city. Shakambhari inscription of s.v. 1155 which mentions terms like 'पूर्णतल्लकपुर: प्रथित: पृथ्वीव्याम्' & 'वेश्मजालै:'. It appears that Purnatallakapura, which has been identified with village Pulota or Pundlota near Degana, has been the capital of Chauhans. Probably the line of rulers starting from Vasudeva to the predecessor of Guvaka were rulers here in Pulota. Later when their state expanded Chauhans made Harsh as their capital or sub capital and Guvaka was the first ruler of Harsha. This is probably the reason for Harshanath inscription starts Chauhan line of rulers from Guvaka. [10]

Genealogy of Chauhan rulers Chandanaraja - Someshwara

Guvaka I

He is also known as Govidraj I. He was the samanta of Nagabhata II and according to Nagavaloka he had been honoured in the court of Nagabhata.It is learned from `Prithviraj-vijay` that Guvaka had married his sister Kalavati with king Nagabhata II of Kannauj. According to Gwalior inscription Guvaka had fought against the Muslims on behalf of Nagabhata, and had defeated Sultan Beg Varisa.

After Guvaka, his son Chandraraj II, grandson Guvaka II and grand son-in-law Chandana ruled over his kingdom. Chandana had defeated and killed Tomara king Rudradeva. At that time Tomara dynasty ruled over Delhi. This indicates that after Rudradeva, Chahamana dynasty established its authority over Delhi.

Genealogy of Chauhan rulers Prithviraja-II - Ramadeva

Chandana was succeeded by his son Vakapatiraj I and started opposing the Pratihara dynasty i.e. Mahipala I. Vakapatiraj was a Shaiva and had built a Siva temple in Pushkar. The Harsh inscription confirms that Harsha Nagari was central place for the later Chauhan rulers. Verse 16 reveals that a representative of Pratiharas named Tantrapala came to see Vakpati, who was present at Anantagochar. Dr Dasharath Sharma considers Anantagochar as the area around Harshagiri. The successor of Guvaka II was Chandana who was very illustrious. He killed a Tomar Raja named Rudrena. (verse-14). Chandana's son was Vakpatiraja, who was most illustrious among earlier Chauhan rulers, who defeated Tantrapala. His son was Lakshamana who founded Nadol branch of Chahans in Sirohi. [11]

Singhraja:

Vakapatiraj was succeeded by his son Singhraj :the first maharajadhiraja. He was the first of the Chahamana dynasty who adopted the title of maharajadhiraj. This also indicates that he had declared himself independent from the Pratihara dynasty. Harsha inscription indicates that Singhraj had defeated Tomara leader Salban and had made many princes and samantas as his prisoner. Pratihara king had come to Singhraj for the release of the said provinces and samantas. Singhraj was a very generous and charitable man. He had donated several villages to the temple of Harshnath.

Vigraharaj II

Singhraj was succeeded by his son Vigraharaj. He was a very powerful ruler. He had attacked king Mookerjee I of Chalukya dynasty and after conquering Sarasvat Mandala and later he had extended his empire up to river Narmada. But according to `Hamir mahakavya` of Nayachandra, Suri Vigraharaj had killed Moolaraj. This does appear to be correct. However, it is certain that Vigraharaj had built a temple of Ashapuri Devi in Bhriguka at the bank of river Narmada.

Durlabhraj

After the death of Vigraharaj his younger brother Durlabhraj ascended the throne and he defeated Chahamanas of Naddul branch and incorporated Rasoshittan Mandal into his empire. at the end of 10th century Durlabharaja was a powerful Chauhan ruler. It is said that his empire extended to Jaipur in the east, Jodhpur in the west, Sikar in the north and Ajmer in the south.

Govindaraj II

Genealogy of Chauhan rulers Changadeva - Prithvi Singh (Chhota Udaipur)

Durlabhraj was succeeded by his son Govindaraj. During his reign the attack of Mahmud Ghaznavi had started and they were getting prominence. He suffered not much loss.

After him two other kings, Vakapati II and Viryarama came. Viryarama was defeated by king Adahilla of Naddul branch of Chahamana and later was killed in war with Paramara Bhoja.

After Viryarama three other rulers, Chamundaraj, Singhatdushala and Durlabhraj III came one by one. Durlabharaj III was killed while fighting against the mlechchas. Other kings who came after him were Vir Singh and Vigradharaj III. Vigradharaj III is said to have given military help to Parmara king Uditaditya against Chalukya king.

Vigradharaj was succeeded by Prithviraj I. He ruled in 1105 A.D. Prithviraj I had killed 700 Chalukyas who had come to loot the brahmanas of Pushkar. He was succeeded by his son Ajairaj who was a famous ruler of his time. He founded Ajmer and also attacked Malava captured Sulhana and made the senapati of Parmar king Narvarman as his prisoner. He killed rulers Chachig, Sindhul and Yashoraj.

Arnoraj

Ajairaj was succeeded by his son Arnoraj before 1133 AD. Jaisingh Siddhraj, Chalukya ruler, attacked Arnoraj but later he returned the kingdom of Arnoraj and married his daughter Kanchandevi with him. Arnoraj's second wifw was Sidhawa ,daughter of marwar ruler of Avichi province. Jaisingh Siddharaj's son also fought against Arnoraj. Arnoraj entered into a treaty with king Ballal of Ujjain and attacked Siddharaj's son Kumarpal. Arnoraj had also conquered the king of Kushavarna and had successfully faced the attack of the Muslims. Near about 1155 A.D. Arnoraj's son Jugdeva killed his father and ascended the throne. But only after a few days his younger brother Vigradharaj usurped the throne from him. Kanchanadevi's son was Someshwar and Sudhawa had three sons, whose elder son Jagdev killed Arnoraj. This murder was prior to year 1153 AD. Jagdev ruled for a short period who was dethroned by Vigraharaj IV. [12]

Vigraharaj IV

He ruled from 1153 to 1163 A.D. He was a powerful king and is also known as Bisaldeva. He conquered Delhi from the kings of Tomar dynasty and attacked Chalukya king Kumarpala and to avenge his father's defeat, he destroyed the areas of Pallika and Naddul. Narhar Inscription of Vigraharaja of s.v. 1215 (1159 AD) tells us that Vigraharaj IV ruled over wide areas of Shekhawati.

He fought many wars against the Muslims and conquered the area between Yamuna and Sutlej from them. About him some information can be get from the following passage in an inscription that he attacked up to Sivalika region and got written his inscription on a pillar of Asoka. He burnt Jwalapur after attacking the Parmar king. Thus he built up a big empire and adopted the titles of `maharajadhiraj` and `parmeshwara`.

Besides being a good warrior he also was a great poet. A drama named Harikeli was written by him. His poet laureate Somdeva and the drama of `Lalitvigraha`. He also established Sanskrit college, which was later on converted into a mosque by Altutumash.

Prithviraj II and Someshwara

After the death of Bisaldeva his son Aparangeya succeeded him as a king. But he died at an early age and was succeeded by Prithviraj II. To check the attacks of the Muslims he had appointed his maternal uncle Guhila Kilahana as the ruler of Punjab.

After the death of Prithviraj II, his uncle Someshwara succeeded him as a king. He was the son of Arnoraj and his mother Kanchandevi was a princess of Chalukya dynasty. Someshwara had extended his empire to Gwalior, Kannauj and to Hissar and Sarhind in the west.

Apart from Shakambhari branch of Chauhans there was one more branch at Ranthambhor established by Govindaraj in 13th century. His son was Valhan Dev who was chieftain of Altamash and later after 1215 Ad he became independent. In 1226 Altamsh attacked and won the fort of Ranthambhor. Rulers in this branch had been Prahlad, Vagbhatt, Viranarayan, Jaitra Singh and Hamir. Hamir became king in 1283. Hamir did digvijaya. [13]

Prithviraj III (1166-1192 CE)

He was the son of Someshwara and ascended the throne at the age of 15 years. Because of his minor age, his mother Karpurdevi looked after the administration of the state for one year. During this period Nagas, who had many small states, organized and rebelled against Chauhan dynasty. Rani Karpuri Devi sent her faithful minister Bhuwanikamal and suppressed the nagas. Later on we do not hear about Nagas in history. [14]

He has been immortalized by `Prithvi-raj-raso` of Chandra-bardai and `Prithviraj vijaya`. Immediately after taking the reign of administration into his hands he had to light against his cousin brother Nagarjiva who was the son of Vigraharaj IV. Nigarjiva was defeated and tried to run away. He was caught and given rigorous punishment. Thereafter Prithviraj conquered Parmardi. In 1187 he attacked Gujarat and made a treaty with. Chalukya king Bhima II.

Prithvi Raj defeated the Afghan ruler Muhammad Ghori in the First Battle of Tarain in 1191 CE. Ghori attacked for a second time next year, and Prithvi Raj was defeated and slain at the Second Battle of Tarain in 1192 CE. After his defeat Delhi came under the control of Muslim rulers.

The end of Chahamana Dynasty

Prithviraj III was succeeded by his brother Hariraj Chahaman. But according to Hassan Nizami, Mohammad Gauri had appointed Prithviraj`s son as the ruler of Ajmer. During this time Kutubuddin was the ruler of Muslim empire in India. Probably Prithviraj`s brother Hariraj had revolted against the Muslims. It appears that Kutubuddin might have suppressed this revolt and might have appointed Prithviraj`s son on the throne on his assurance for allegiance to him. According to a historian Kutubuddin returned Delhi after making administrative arrangements at Ajmer. Hariraj again established his authority over Ajmer with the help of Senapati Skanda of Prithviraj and dethroned Prithviraj`s son. Kutubuddin again attacked Ajmer and it is said that finding no way out Hariraj burnt himself along with his family in the fort of Ajmer. Ajmer was thus occupied by Kutubuddin and thus in 1194 A.D. the Chahamana dynasty of Ajmer and Delhi came to an end.

Samantas of Chauhans

Note - This section is mainly from K.Devi Singh Mandawa:Samrat Prithviraj Chauhan,2007, pp.127-141

There were two types of samantas of Chauhans:'Mukut Bandh' and 'Mandaleshwar'. 'Mukut Bandh' were those samantas who were owners of their areas but accepted Chauhans suzerainty. 'Mandaleshwar' were those samantas who got jagirs on the pleasure of Chauhan rulers. Some of Samantas are listed below:

1. Kaka Kanha - A big Jagir, Kanha was uncle of Prithviraj Chauhan. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.128)

2. Hari Raj - Brother of Prithviraj Chauhan. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.128)

3. Dahima - Dahimas were very important in darbar of Prithviraj Chauhan. Kaimas Dahiya was chief minister of Prithviraj Chauhan during his childhood. he was a big jagirdar and Bayana Fort was in his Jagir. Another Dahima samant was Chamundarai, whose sister was married to Prithviraj Chauhan. He was a great warrior and chief senapati of Prithviraj Chauhan. He was killed in last war with Gauri. Chamunda's son was also a samanta. Jatu near Agra was in his Jagir. Other Dahima samantas were Rooprai and Jangalirai. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.128)

4. Parmara Samantas - There were many Parmaras as samantas of Prithviraj Chauhan. The main out of them was Parmar ruler Vikram Singh's son Jaitra Paramara of Mt Abu. He became Mahamantri of Prithviraj Chauhan after Kaimas. He was killed in second war with Gauri. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.129)

5. Parmaras of Pugal - Parmaras of Pugal were samantas of Prithviraj Chauhan. The famous Princess of Pugal Padmini was from the family of Parmaras. Later Bhatis occupied Pugal. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.129)

6. Parmaras of Falaudi - They were samanta under Prithviraj Chauhan. They built a temple of Kalyanji in v.s.1145 (1088 AD). There is one inscription of them of the year v.s.1236 (1179 AD). (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.129)

7. Parmaras of Pokaran - They built a temple of Laxmi Narayan. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.130)

8. Kachhawaha - Amer Kachhawaha Janhan's son Panjjuvan Rai was samant of Prithviraj Chauhan. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.130)

9. Pundir - Pundir are considered Suryavanshi Kshatriyas. Three generations of Pundirs viz, Chandrasen Pundir, his son Dhir Pundir, his son Pawas Pundir were very brave and samants of Chauhans of Nagaur and Punjab. One of Rani of Prithviraj Chauhan was from Pundir family of Nagaur Jagir. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.130)

10. Yaudheya - Many branches of Yaudheyas ruled in western Rajasthan.Samprati Maurya, son of Ashoka, was ruler of this area. He defeated Yaudheyas in Shekhawati region who moved to northern parts of Bikaner such as Sindharani, Maroth etc, where they lived for a long period. Vigraharaja's maternal uncle Simbal was Yaudheya ruler of Maroth and was senapati as well as samanta of Chauhans. One of queens of Prithviraj Chauhan was Yaudheya. They were later on called Johiyas. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.130-31)

11. Tanwars of Delhi - They were ChandravanshiKshatriyas and consider them selves as Pandavavanshi. In v.s. 1209 (1152 AD) Vigraharaja Chauhan attacked Tanwars and defeated Anangapala II. Vigraharaja (Bisaldeva) married his daughter Deshal Devi to Anangpal. Govindaraja Tanwar fought for Prithviraj Chauhan in first was with Gauri and was injured, but killed in second war. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.131)

12. Dahiya (Dahima) of Parbatsar - In an inscription year v.s. 1056 (999 AD) found in Kevay Mata temple in village Kinsariya in Marwar region Dahimas have been recorded as descendents of rishi Dadhichi. Chachcha Rana had got constructed this temple here. Chachcha Rana's son Udharan was a great warrior and Parbatsar and Maroth were in his Jagir. His son was Vilhan jagirdar of Maroth. One of the queens of Prithviraj Chauhan was Dahiyani. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.131)

It is to be noted that during the time of Dadhichi, varna system in Aryas was not rigid. So Dadhichi's descendants are found both in Brahmanas as Dahimas and Kshatriyas as Dahiyas. Dahiya clan is also common in Rajputs and Jats. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.131)

13. Dahiyas of Janglu - Dahiyas of Janglu were also samanta of Chauhans. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.131)

14. Dahiyas of Maroth - We get three names of Dahiyas of Maroth: Kadavarao (कड़वाराव), PadmaSingh and Jayant Singh. During the reign of Prithviraj Chauhan, one of the samanta rebelled and the jagir was given to Gauds. The Jats of Karwasra and Karwa have originated from Kadavarao. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.131)

15. Mohils of Chhapar Dronapur - Chauhan Dhandhu's son was Indra whose descendant Mohil started this branch. Ladnu was founded by Dahaliyas. Bagadiyas won this area from Sajjan's son Mohil in v.s. 1130 (1073 AD). Mohil had acquired the title of Rana and made Chhapar as his capital. There were 1400 villages under him. We have found an Inscription of Mohil's son Hardatt (Hathad) of v.s. 1162 (1105 AD) from Jeenmata in Sikar district. This inscriptions tells that Hathad (Hardatt) constructed Jeenmata temple during reign of Prithviraj-I. We have got many inscriptions of Mohils of the period v.s. 1186 (1129) - v.s. 1388 (1131 AD). The Rana successors of Hardatt were Bar Singh, Bālhar, Āsal, Āhaḍ, Raṇasī, and Sohaṇ Pal. Raṇasī, and Sohaṇ Pal were contemporary of Prithviraj. One of the samanta of Prithviras was Varasirai Mohil. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.132)

16. Mohils of Janglu - Janglu area was ruled by Mohil Chauhans, who were samants of Chauhan Samrat.Rana Lakha was contemporary of Prithviraj. There were many jagirs of Mohils in Bagad area. These chieftains had to face wars in Nagaur in which many were killed. As per an inscription of 25 April 1183 (Baisakh sudi 2 v.s. 1239) in village Ganedi district Churu Rajasthan, Mohil Jhala and his son lakhan were killed in this war. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.132)

17. Mohils of Ladnu - Mohils of Ladnu were samantas of Chauhans. Chhapar and Ladnu were initially in the same state. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.133)

18. Chauhans of Dadrewa - Dhandhu Chauhan from Sambhar branch went to village Dhandhu in Churu district and established his rule. He had five sons and one daughter. He appointed his second queen's son Kanho as his successor and not the eldest son Harsh. Harsh and his sister Jeen went to hills and did the penance. Jeen got the status of goddess. Her temple is known as Jeenmata temple.

After three generations of Kanho, Jivraj (Jewar) became Rana. He left Dhandhu and went to Dadrewa and made it his capital. His son Goga was very brave and illustrious. He had many sons. When Ghazni attacked Somnath temple Goga provided him a tough resistance in western Rajasthan. Goga became martyr along with his all sons and relatives. Since no son of Goga was alive his brother Bairasi or his son Udayraj became Rana of Dadrewa. There have been many Gogas in this vansha. Goga is very revered and considered as a deity of snakes in Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.134)

19. Khichi Chauhan - Āsarao's son was Manakrao, whose descendants are known as Khichi. Asrao gavi his son jagir of 84 villages. He constructed two forts Bhadanon and Jayal. After this ajairaj, Chandrarao, Lakhanrao, sangamrao and Gundalrao were samantas of Chauhans. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.135)

20. Dod or Dodiya (डोडिया) - Earlier they had rule over some states in Gujarat. Present Hadauti was earlier occupied by Hunas and known as Huna Pradesh. Dods (डोड) defeated them and established their capital at Dodgarh (Gagrum). This area was under Nagavanshi rulers. This is mentioned in an Inscription of v.s. 847 (770 AD). Dodiyas defeated them and continued to rule here till v. s. 1300 (1243 AD). Jahajpur area in Mewar was also ruled by Dods. An inscription of their rule is found of the year v.s. 1334 (1177 AD). Telanjarai Dod was a samanta of Prithviraj. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.135)

21. Dods of Bulandshahr - This town was earlier known as Vana (वाणा). This was ruled by Dod Kshatriyas, who were samantas of Chauhans. During reign of Prithvirah the ruler of this area was Anang. Anang had left a grant of v.s. 1233 (1176 AD). According to this grant 16 generations of Dods ruled here. They probably established here around 900 AD. When Mahmud Gazanvi attacked Mathura, Bulandshahr was ruled by Hardatt Dod. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.135)


22. Sankhalas of Roon - Paramara ruler of Barmer's son was Dharani Barah, whose son was Sankhala. Descendants of Sankhala were known as Sankhalas. Sankhala rulers of Roon and Karkotaka in south of Jaipur were samantas of Chauhans. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.137)

23. Mauryas - Samprati Maurya, son of Ashoka, was ruler of Rajasthan. samprati constructed many forts in Rajasthan. famous fort is that of Kumbhalgarh. On ruins of this fort Maharana Kumbha constructed present historical fort. Samprati constructed a fort in jahajpur also. Many branches of Mauryas ruled in Rajasthan. Mauryas defeated Yaudheyas in Shekhawati region who moved to northern parts of Bikaner such as Sindharani, Maroth etc, where they lived for a long period. The Maurya samantas of Prithviraj were Bhima Maurya, Saran Maurya, Madalrai Maurya and Mukundrai Maurya. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.137)

24. Jod Chauhans of Narhar & Jhunjhunu - Chauhan Dhandhu had founded Dhandhu. Indra could not become Rana on death of his father. Indra had descendants Arjan and Sarjan. Arjan and Sarjan fought with Goga for Dadrewa when Rana Jhawer died. Goga defeated them. This war took place before 1024 AD since Goga died in 1024 AD fighting with Mohammad Ghazni. Arjan and Sarjan moved to a place named Jodi in Churu district. Their descendants were called Jod Chauhans. after death of Arjan and Sarjan their descendants moved in south and established in Narhar and Jhunjhunu. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.138-39)

25. Nikumbhas of Abhaneri - Nikumbhas of Abhaneri were under Chauhans. They were rulers of Khan Desh. We have two inscriptions about them from village Paran of Shaka Samvat 1075 (1153 AD) and Shaka Samvat 1128 (1207 AD). The Alwar fort was built by them. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.139)

26. Badgujars of Rajor & Devanti - Badgujars of Rajor & Devanti were also samantas of Chauhans. Some names reported from Prithviraj's Badgujar samantas are: Randhir Badgujar, Ramray Badgujar and sangransi Badgujar. During Mughal period Kachhawahas vanished their states. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.139)

27. Gohils of Khed - Gohils or Gahlot are Suryavanshis. They were rulers of Mewar. One of their branch established a state in Khed in Marwar. Gohils of Khed were samantas of Chauhans. Prithviraj's samanta was Govind Ram Gahlot. later Rathors occupied their state and Gohils moved to Kathiawar. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.140)

28. Gohils of Pipad - Gohils of Pipad were samantas of Chauhans. Hansi's samanta was Kelan Gahlot who was maternal uncle of Someshwar. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.140)

29. Hools of Sojat - Hool or Hul is branch of Gahlots. They were under Chauhans. Sojat in ancient times was known as shuddhadanti (शुद्धदंती). Haria Hool was a popular name in Rajasthan.(Devi Singh Mandawa,p.140)

30. Bhils. Bhils had also some states in Rajasthan under Chauhans,such as Bundi and Bhinay (Ajmer).(Devi Singh Mandawa,p.140)

31. Tank - There were states of Tanks also in Rajasthan. One Thathari Ram Tank was a samanta of Prithviraj. Some states were after Tankni queens also. Tank is a branch of Nagavansha. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.140)

32. Rathors - The Rathor samanta of Prithviraj was Sanyam Rai Rathor. Hathundi was a state of Rathors. An inscription of their period of year v.s. 1053 (997) mentions names,viz Harivarma, Vidagdharaj, Bhammat and Dhawal. We get one inscription of year v.s. 1063 (1006 AD) at Dhanop (Shahpura), which mentions Bhalli Danti Varma and his two sons Buddhraj and Govindraj. We have found one more inscription at Bagad, which is of Bagadiya Rathores. It mentions names of Raka and his son Biram. The samantas of Prithviraj must be from these Rathors who were having states prior to the present Rathors. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.140-41)

33. Gor Vansha - We get name of Nagar Rai Gor as a samanta of Prithviraj. Chhoti Sadri inscription of year v.s. 547 (491 AD) gives some information about Gor rulers. This inscription indicates that Maharaja Dhanya soma (धान्य सोम) was a popular king of Gor Kshatriya clan. Rajyavardhan (राज्यवर्द्धण), Rashtra (राष्ट्र) and Yasha Gupta (यश गुप्त) rulers followed in succession. The inscription also reveals that the Gor kings had constructed goddess temple in memory of their ancestors on magha shukla 10 in samvat 547 (491 AD). The inscription proves the rule of Gor kings near 'Chhoti Sadadi' place in Rajasthan in 6th century. They were considered to be powerful till the rule of Maharana Raimal. [15]

34. Chandel's - Chandels were Chandravanshi Kshatriyas. They had a big state in Jetubhukti and had a war with Prithviraj Chauhan and were defeated. Rewasa, Kasli and Raghunathgarh in Sikar were under Chandels. It is not known when and how they came to this area. An inscription of Chandels was found at (Raghunathgarh of v.s. 1150 (1093 AD). Three inscriptions of year v.s. 1243 (1186 AD) were found at Rewasa. These reveal that Rewasa pargana was under Prithviraj Chauhan. These are about some warriors. Jaisi , Moharai and Veerabhadra were samantas of Prithviraj Chauhan. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.136)

35. Padihar of Kharad - This area was won by Roopde Padihar. They ruled it for many years. Later it was occupied by Bhatis. In addition to Padihars of Mandor, there were some more states under Chauhans. Samantas of Prithviraj were Nahadrao (Nagabhatt) of Mandor, Chandrasi Padihar, Mahansi Padihar, Pipirai Padihar and Viramrai Padihar. Nahadrao's daughter was married to Prithviraj Chauan. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.136)

36. Gauds - They were rulers in Gondbangale,where they founded Lakhnoti city. Bachharaj was awarded jagir near Ajmer and Waman was given Maroth. this area is still known as Godati. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.136)

37. Bhati - Bhatis were rulers of Jaisalmer, which was not under Chauhans. We have names of three Bhatis who were Samantas of Prithviraj Chauan:Sarangrai, Achalesh and Bhanrai. We do not know which were their Jagirs. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.136-37)

38. Jats - There were many Jat states under Chauhan dynasty. According to James Tod, Jats were one of the 36 Royal Kshatriya clans. The people at that time were known more by clans but even we find some samantas who wrote them as Jat. We find that when Bika occupied Jangladesh it was ruled by at least sevan Jat clans, namely Punia, Godara, Saran, Sihag, Beniwal, Johiya and Kaswan. It is not properly recorded who were samantas out of them but circumstantial evidences indicate that some of them must be samantas of Chauhans. K. Devi Singh Mandawa has reported one name i.e. Sarangsoor Jat who was a samanta of Prithviraj Chauhan. (Devi Singh Mandawa,p.137-38)

Ratan Lal Mishra[16] writes that prior to the advent of rule of various Rajput clans in Rajasthan, there were many Jat clans with republic states or ganarajyas ruling in a democratic way. According to James Tod as mentioned in his book "Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan (1829)" this area of Rajasthan was known as Jangaladesh, region was inhabited by Jats, who had for ages been established in these arid abodes, prior to Bika Rathor annexed these small republics. For details of Jat states in Rajasthan see Jangladesh and मध्यकालीन राजस्थान में जाट गणराज्य एवं उनका पतन.

Chauhan Khap

Chauhan khap has 5 villages in Uttar Pradesh in Baghpat district. Jat gotra is Lakda. Ramala (रमाला) is head village. The 5 villages constituting this khap are : Ramala (रमाला), Kirthal (किरठल), Lumba (लुम्बा), Tugana (तुगाना) and Asara (असारा). [17]

Common gotras with Jats

According to Dr Tugania's book Chahuan vanshi Lakra Jaton ka Itihas (Chapter 32) some common origins regarding certain Jat gotras arising out of Chahmans or Chauhans is as under :

Achra, Ahlan, Anjane, Bachaya, Bachda, Bachra, Badhak, Balecha, Behede, Beherewal, Beniwal, Betlan, Bhadwar, Bharne, Bharwar, Bharwas, Bhattu, Bhikara, Bhukar, Biloda, Bola, Brahyan, Budhwar, Burdak, Chahal, Chawra, Chhikara, Chopda, Chophe, Chopra, Dabas, Dahana, Dahiya, Dalal, Dhayal, Deshwal, Dhaka, Dhandhi, Dhaya, Dhull, Duhoon, Gahal, Garbarya, Gathwal, Ghant, Ghayal, Girawadia, Godhaay, Godhi, Gohala, Gohar, Goriya, Gothwal, Hooda, Jasrana, Jhotda, Jhotra, Judana, Jujada, Khanna, Khapra, Kharat, Khetlan, Khichi, Khugga, Kundu, Lakdam, Lakhlan, Lakra, Legha, Loch, Lohaan, Lohiya, Loodi, Loori, Ludhan, Luhach, Lulah, Luni, Maan, Mela, Meran, Nabiya, Nahowar, Nara, Narwal, Narwari, Nimma, Nimriya, Noora, Nyol, Ohlan, Padhyan, Panghal, Pilania, Rai, Raibidar, Rapria, Ratha, Rau, Roda, Rojiya, Sahu, Sambharwal, Sangriya, Sangwan, Saunkhda, Sayad, Sayanh, Sheoran, Shivah, Sihag, Sihibagh, Sindhad, Soori, Suhag, Suriya, Talwar, Thakran, Tharra, Thur, Tikara, Tomar, Toor, Totiyan, Veerpal, Velawat, Venipal,

Given their same roots, Hindu jats of Jaglan, Bhayan, Khunga and Chauhan do not intermarry.

Distribution in Punjab

Villages in Hoshiarpur district

Villages in Patiala district

Villages in Jalandhar district

Distribution in Haryana

Villages in Faridabad

Khedi Kalan (खेड़ीकलां), Mitraul (मित्रोल)

Distribution in Rajasthan

Locations in Jaipur city

22 Godam, Airport Colony, Bajrang Vihar, Sethi Colony,

Villages in Sawai Madhopur

Gangapur City,

Distribution in Uttar Pradesh

Villages in Muzaffarnagar district

Athai, Bachhaur, Banat, Muzaffarnagar,

Villages in Bagpat district

There are 05 villages of Chauhan Jats in Bagpat district. These are Ramala, Kirthal, Lumba, Tugana and Asara (Mula Jats).

Distribution in Madhya Pradesh

Villages in Ratlam district

Villages in Ratlam with population of this gotra are:

Ratlam 1,

Also see

References

  1. ↑ Dr Mahendra Singh Arya, Dharmpal Singh Dudee, Kishan Singh Faujdar & Vijendra Singh Narwar: Ādhunik Jat Itihasa (The modern history of Jats), Agra 1998 p.242
  2. ↑ रतन लाल मिश्र:शेखावाटी का नवीन इतिहास, मंडावा, १९९८, पृ.38
  3. ↑ रतन लाल मिश्र:शेखावाटी का नवीन इतिहास, मंडावा, १९९८, पृ.38
  4. ↑ Bhim Singh Dahiya, Jats the Ancient Rulers, p. 249
  5. ↑ Studies in Geography of Ancient and Medieval India, 1963
  6. ↑ Epigraphic Indica, V, No. 12, JGOS, XI, 39
  7. ↑ Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, 1905, p. 21
  8. ↑ रतन लाल मिश्र:शेखावाटी का नवीन इतिहास, मंडावा, १९९८, पृ.36
  9. ↑ श्री हर्ष: कुलदेवोस्या तस्मादिव्यकुलक्रम:
  10. ↑ रतन लाल मिश्र:शेखावाटी का नवीन इतिहास, मंडावा, १९९८, पृ.37
  11. ↑ रतन लाल मिश्र:शेखावाटी का नवीन इतिहास, मंडावा, १९९८, पृ.38
  12. ↑ रतन लाल मिश्र:शेखावाटी का नवीन इतिहास, मंडावा, १९९८, पृ.39
  13. ↑ रतन लाल मिश्र:शेखावाटी का नवीन इतिहास, मंडावा, १९९८, पृ.41
  14. ↑ K.Devi Singh Mandawa:Samrat Prithviraj Chauhan,2007, pp.52-53
  15. ↑ Thakur Deshraj, Jat Itihas (Hindi), Maharaja Suraj Mal Smarak Shiksha Sansthan, Delhi, 1934, 2nd edition 1992, Page - 592
  16. ↑ Ratan Lal Mishra:Shekhawati Ka Navin Itihas, Kutir Prakashan, Mandawa, Jhunjhunu, 1998,p. 43
  17. ↑ Dr Ompal Singh Tugania, Jat Samuday ke Pramukh Adhar Bindu, Agra, 2004, p. 15
  18. ↑ History and study of the Jats. By Professor B.S Dhillon. ISBN-10: 1895603021 or ISBN-13: 978-1895603026. p.126

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